In English we use the past simple tense to talk about finished actions in the past.
We use 'did' as an auxiliary verb in negatives and questions and we often use the past simple with past time phrases such as 5 minutes ago, yesterday, last week, in the 1980s, and when I was a child.
Notes for use of past simple :
In English, to change verbs to the past tense, we add '-ed' to regular verbs. For example;
work --> worked
live --> lived
walk --> walked
If the verb ends in 'e', we drop the 'e' before adding '-ed'. For example;
dance --> danced
smile --> smiled
phone --> phoned
If the verb ends in a vowel + consonant, we double the last consonant. For example;
stop --> stopped
tag --> tagged
plan --> planned
If the verb has more than one syllable, we double the consonant at the end only if the last syllable is stressed. For example;
prefer --> preferred
permit --> permitted
regret --> regretted
If the last syllable of the verb is not stressed, we do not double the last consonant. For example;
visit --> visited
happen --> happened
develop --> developed
In British English, verbs ending in 'l' double the 'l' before '-ed' whether the last syllable is stressed or not. For example;
travel --> travelled
cancel --> cancelled
If the verb ends in a 'y' or a 'w', we do not double it when we add '-ed'. For example;
stay --> stayed
play --> played
sew --> sewed
In English we do not double the consonant if the verb has two vowels before the last consonant. For example;
boil --> boiled
explain --> explained
In English we also do not double the consonant if the verb ends in two consonants. For example;
help --> helped
start --> started
However, irregular verbs change to completely different words in the past tense. For example;
go --> went
take --> took
know --> knew
The table below shows the different forms of past simple :
Example Verb : live | I / You / We / They / He / She / It |
Positive | ... lived. |
Negative | ... didn't live. |
Questions | Did ... live? |
Short answers | Yes, ... did. / No, ... didn't. |
For the verb 'to be' we use 'was' and 'were'' in the past simple. No auxiliary verbs are used in negative sentences and questions.
Verb : Be | I / He / She / It | You / We / They |
Positive | ... was ... | ... were ... |
Negative | ... wasn't ... | ... weren't ... |
Questions | Was ... ... ? | Were ... ...? |
Short answers | Yes, ... was. / No, ... wasn't. | Yes, ... were. / No, ... weren't. |
Past Simple Example Sentences :
Positive Examples of Past Simple :
Negative Examples of Past Simple :
Question Examples of Past Simple :
Past simple example sentences | |
---|---|
It's good you called me before you came today. | 오시기 전에 전화하셔서 정말 다행이네요. |
At one point, I thought you were interested in the house. | 나는 집이 네 마음에 드는 건가 하는 생각도 했다구. |
I just got here mate, about 5 minutes ago. | 방금 왔다구 친구, 한 5분 전에. |
I have to say, your checking the heaters lie wasn't very clever. | 히터 점검해야 한다는 거짓말은 딱히 그럴싸하지 않았다고 말해둬야 겠는걸요. |
But then I realized my battery was about to die. | 근데 배터리가 거의 다 된 거야. |
I called you at least ten times! | 나 10번도 넘게 전화했다고! |
You didn't tell me what? | 뭘 말 안해줬어? |
Oh, okay, did she say why they needed to cancel it? | 아, 그렇구나. 왜 취소해야 하는지는 말해줬고? |
Any idea why they decided to sell the house suddenly? | 갑자기 집을 팔기로 한 이유가 뭔지 감 잡히는 거 있어? |
Did you have much money in your purse? | 지갑에 돈이 많이 있었어요? |
Did anything happen to you? | 너는 괜찮아? |
Yes, I managed to see the last one... But I didn't like it! | 응, 마지막 약속 집은 봤는데... 마음에 안 들잖아! |
They're fine, we played a game called *catch the wasp*! | 잘 지내고 있지, "말벌을 잡아라" 놀이 했다니까! |
But I really wanted to go there tonight. | 그치만 오늘 밤 꼭 거길 가고 싶었는데. |
Welcome, tonight we reserved one of our best tables for you! | 어서오세요, 두분을 위해서 가장 좋은 테이블 중 하나를 맡아드렸어요! |
Very funny, I think you just killed some time there. | 대단히 재밌으시네요. 너 그냥 시간 죽이다 온 거지. |
I hope you didn't have any *private* pictures on your phone. | 휴대폰에 *사적인* 사진은 안 두셨길 바라요. |
Did you sleep well last night? | 잠은 잘 잤어? |
Did you see any fire or smoke around? | 주변에 불이나 연기 난 건 봤어? |
Sorry, but I have to say, we saw another house earlier today... | 미안하지만, 오늘 이전에 다른 집도 봤는데요... |