Türkçe
In English we use should / shouldn't /ought to / oughtn't to give advice. We use should / ought to to say something is a good thing to do and shouldn't / oughtn't to say something is a bad thing to do.
Example sentences :
Note : To ask for advice we can say: What should I do?
In English, "can" is a modal verb and only has a present, past and conditional form. It can also be used with a future meaning.
Example sentences :
Note : Can is not used to talk about specific possibilities.
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In English, could is used to talk about past ability/ permission/ possibility.
Example sentences :
"Be able to" can be used in the present, past, future, present perfect and as a gerund or infinitive.
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Note : be able to in the present and past is more formal than can or could.
In English we use might or may to say something in the future is possible, but not decided.
Example sentences :
To make questions with might we usually use Do you think...?
Example questions :
In English we can also use might in short answers.
Example short answers :
In English we use have to + infinitive to say something is necessary or obligatory. We normally use have to for a general obligation from an outside source, such as work or the law.
Examples sentences :
In English we use don't have to + infinitive to say something is not necessary or obligatory. It means you can if you want to, but it's not necessary.
Example sentences :
To make questions we use do/does.
Example questions :
Form : ( Must + infinitive without to )
In English we use must + infinitive to talk about rules and obligations. We normally use must when the speaker imposes the obligation, such as a teacher to students, or even to yourself.
Form : ( Mustn't + infinitive without to )
In English we use mustn't + infinitive to say something is prohibited.
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Note : You can often use can't or be + not allowed to instead of mustn't.
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Note : Mustn't and don't have to have completely different meanings.
Mustn't Vs Don't Have To
Note : Have to is a normal verb and exists in all tenses whereas must is a modal verb and its only forms are must and mustn't.
You can also use have to and must for strong recommendations.
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In English we use must when we are sure something is true.
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In English we use may or might when we think something is possibly true.
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In English we use can't when we are sure something is impossible.
Examples sentences :
Note : In this context, the opposite of must is can't, NOT mustn't!
In the past, can't, could, may, might and must for probability change to can't have, could have, may have, might have and must have + past participle (Verb 3).
In the past, should and ought to change to should have and ought to have + past participle (Verb 3).
Note : the form of "must" for obligation and "can" are exceptions.
Must for obligation changes to had to + infinitive
Can changes to could or was able to
| Modal example sentences | |
|---|---|
| It doesn't matter for me, you can get the one you like best. | Benim için farketmez, en çok hoşuna giden hangisiyse onu al. |
| I have finished my wine, we can leave any time you want. | Ben şarabımı bitirdim, istediğin zaman gidebiliriz. |
| Can you open the tube map for me? | Bana metro haritasını açar mısın? |
| Since I can't smoke in the room, I have to go to the garden. | Odada sigara içemediğime göre, bahçeye gitmem gerek. |
| Maybe you can teach me how to make phone calls. | Belki bana nasıl telefon konuşması yapılacağını öğretirsin. |
| The train leaves in a few minutes, we should get on soon. | Tren birkaç dakikaya kalkıyor, kısa sürede binmeliyiz. |
| We can use matches... Or a lighter! | Kibrit kullanabiliriz... Ya da çakmak! |
| I have to be back at school by 12:30. | Saat 12:30'de okula dönmüş olmam lazım. |
| You should feel very lucky having him as a friend. | Böyle bir arkadaşın olduğu için çok şanslı hissetmelisin. |
| No way, what else can I have instead of chips? | Olamaz, patates kızartması yerine ne alabilirim? |
| You know I work from home, so I can easily take care of them both. | Biliyorsun ben evden çalışıyorum, onun için ikisiyle birden ilgilenebilirim. |
| You shouldn't smoke where we sleep. | Uyuduğumuz yerde sigara içmemelisin. |
| As you might know, you should always keep an eye on your stuff at pubs. | Bildiğiniz gibi, pub'larda gözünüz hep eşyalarınızın üzerinde olsun. |
| I can't decide if I should get calamari or shrimp. | Kalamar mı karides mi almalıyım karar veremiyorum. |
| How can you be so sure? | Nasıl bu kadar emin olabiliyorsun? |
| We can use the queue that goes faster. | Hangisi daha hızlı giderse onu kullanırız. |
| Umm, we can raise it just a little bit, like 50%. | Hmm, birazcık artırabiliriz, %50 kadar. |
| Can't your housemates look after him? | Ev arkadaşların ona bakamazlar mı? |
| I don't want to upset you, but I have to tell you something! | Seni üzmek istemiyorum, ama sana bir şey söylemem gerekiyor! |
| Or maybe we can just ask them when we see them in the house? | Ya da belki onları evde gördüğümüzde onlara sorabiliriz? |
