Türkçe
In English we use should / shouldn't /ought to / oughtn't to give advice. We use should / ought to to say something is a good thing to do and shouldn't / oughtn't to say something is a bad thing to do.
Example sentences :
Note : To ask for advice we can say: What should I do?
In English, "can" is a modal verb and only has a present, past and conditional form. It can also be used with a future meaning.
Example sentences :
Note : Can is not used to talk about specific possibilities.
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In English, could is used to talk about past ability/ permission/ possibility.
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"Be able to" can be used in the present, past, future, present perfect and as a gerund or infinitive.
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Note : be able to in the present and past is more formal than can or could.
In English we use might or may to say something in the future is possible, but not decided.
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To make questions with might we usually use Do you think...?
Example questions :
In English we can also use might in short answers.
Example short answers :
In English we use have to + infinitive to say something is necessary or obligatory. We normally use have to for a general obligation from an outside source, such as work or the law.
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In English we use don't have to + infinitive to say something is not necessary or obligatory. It means you can if you want to, but it's not necessary.
Example sentences :
To make questions we use do/does.
Example questions :
Form : ( Must + infinitive without to )
In English we use must + infinitive to talk about rules and obligations. We normally use must when the speaker imposes the obligation, such as a teacher to students, or even to yourself.
Form : ( Mustn't + infinitive without to )
In English we use mustn't + infinitive to say something is prohibited.
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Note : You can often use can't or be + not allowed to instead of mustn't.
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Note : Mustn't and don't have to have completely different meanings.
Mustn't Vs Don't Have To
Note : Have to is a normal verb and exists in all tenses whereas must is a modal verb and its only forms are must and mustn't.
You can also use have to and must for strong recommendations.
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In English we use must when we are sure something is true.
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In English we use may or might when we think something is possibly true.
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In English we use can't when we are sure something is impossible.
Examples sentences :
Note : In this context, the opposite of must is can't, NOT mustn't!
In the past, can't, could, may, might and must for probability change to can't have, could have, may have, might have and must have + past participle (Verb 3).
In the past, should and ought to change to should have and ought to have + past participle (Verb 3).
Note : the form of "must" for obligation and "can" are exceptions.
Must for obligation changes to had to + infinitive
Can changes to could or was able to
| Modal example sentences | |
|---|---|
| You shouldn't smoke where we sleep. | Uyuduğumuz yerde sigara içmemelisin. |
| Hey, it's my turn, but I think Pogo should go first. | Hey, sıra bende ama bence Pogo önce gitmeli. |
| Then I can start peeling the potatoes. | Sonra da patatesleri soymaya başlarım. |
| I said it was a mistake, I was terribly sorry, what else could I say? | Bir yanlışlık olduğunu, çok üzgün olduğumu söyledim, başka ne diyebilirdim ki? |
| As you might know, you should always keep an eye on your stuff at pubs. | Bildiğiniz gibi, pub'larda gözünüz hep eşyalarınızın üzerinde olsun. |
| My sixth sense tells me I must clean it. | Altıncı hissim mutlaka temizlemeliyim diyor. |
| We can do it whenever you like. | Ne zaman istersen yapabiliriz. |
| Or maybe we can just ask them when we see them in the house? | Ya da belki onları evde gördüğümüzde onlara sorabiliriz? |
| Yeah, maybe next time you can put that as a note on the ad. | Evet, belki de bir dahaki sefere bunu ilana not olarak koyabilirsin. |
| I think they should be more understanding. | Bence biraz daha anlayışlı davranmalılar. |
| Can you please stop being stupid, dear? | Lütfen aptal olmayı bırakır mısın, canım? |
| But we should tell them to clean up the mess. | Ama bu dağınıklığı temizlemeleri için haber vermeliyiz. |
| I thought we could keep the spare room as a study for you. | Fazla olan odayı senin için çalışma odası yaparız diye düşünmüştüm. |
| Hello, Camden-City Real Estate, how can I help you? | Alo, Camden-City Emlakçılık, nasıl yardımcı olabilirim? |
| Hm, I would like to see her, but I don't think we should disturb her. | Hmm, onu görmek isterim ama bence rahatsız etmeyelim. |
| I guess I can leave around four-ish. | Dört gibi çıkabilirim sanırım. |
| I can't promise, but we can try, at least. | Söz veremem, ama en azından deneyebiliriz. |
| Haven't decided yet, but you can call me when you finish. | Daha karar vermedik, ama işin bitince beni arayabilirsin. |
| Could it be anywhere else? | Başka bir yerde olabilir mi? |
| Too bad, they must have understood you are a liar, then. | Tüh, senin yalancı olduğunu anlamış olmalılar o zaman. |
