In English we use should / shouldn't /ought to / oughtn't to give advice. We use should / ought to to say something is a good thing to do and shouldn't / oughtn't to say something is a bad thing to do.
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Note : To ask for advice we can say: What should I do?
In English, "can" is a modal verb and only has a present, past and conditional form. It can also be used with a future meaning.
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Note : Can is not used to talk about specific possibilities.
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In English, could is used to talk about past ability/ permission/ possibility.
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"Be able to" can be used in the present, past, future, present perfect and as a gerund or infinitive.
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Note : be able to in the present and past is more formal than can or could.
In English we use might or may to say something in the future is possible, but not decided.
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To make questions with might we usually use Do you think...?
Example questions :
In English we can also use might in short answers.
Example short answers :
In English we use have to + infinitive to say something is necessary or obligatory. We normally use have to for a general obligation from an outside source, such as work or the law.
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In English we use don't have to + infinitive to say something is not necessary or obligatory. It means you can if you want to, but it's not necessary.
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To make questions we use do/does.
Example questions :
Form : ( Must + infinitive without to )
In English we use must + infinitive to talk about rules and obligations. We normally use must when the speaker imposes the obligation, such as a teacher to students, or even to yourself.
Form : ( Mustn't + infinitive without to )
In English we use mustn't + infinitive to say something is prohibited.
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Note : You can often use can't or be + not allowed to instead of mustn't.
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Note : Mustn't and don't have to have completely different meanings.
Mustn't Vs Don't Have To
Note : Have to is a normal verb and exists in all tenses whereas must is a modal verb and its only forms are must and mustn't.
You can also use have to and must for strong recommendations.
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In English we use must when we are sure something is true.
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In English we use may or might when we think something is possibly true.
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In English we use can't when we are sure something is impossible.
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Note : In this context, the opposite of must is can't, NOT mustn't!
In the past, can't, could, may, might and must for probability change to can't have, could have, may have, might have and must have + past participle (Verb 3).
In the past, should and ought to change to should have and ought to have + past participle (Verb 3).
Note : the form of "must" for obligation and "can" are exceptions.
Must for obligation changes to had to + infinitive
Can changes to could or was able to
Modal example sentences | |
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Can't we have the meeting without the f*cking IT manager! | Görüşmeyi s*ktiğimin BT müdürü olmadan yapamaz mıyız?! |
We can wander around till 7 or 8 and have some drinks, maybe. | 7 veya 8'e kadar dolaşıp bir şeyler içebiliriz belki. |
Okay, can you make the appointments before 2? | Tamam, randevuları 2'den önceye alabilir misin? |
Okay, can you tell me what it is, then? | Tamam ne olduğunu söyleyebilir misin o zaman? |
Can you make 4 serves so we can give some to Bear, too? | 4 kişilik yapabilir misin, böylece Bear'a da veririz biraz? |
Could it be anywhere else? | Başka bir yerde olabilir mi? |
That's nice, can we add some beer to it for me, also? | Güzelmiş, benim için de içine biraz bira katabilir miyiz? |
Umm, can I do it after I smoke? | Hmm, sigara içtikten sonra yapabilir miyim? |
I could only find some eggs, some undated bacon and some olives. | Birkaç yumurta, tarihi belli olmayan domuz pastırması ve biraz zeytin bulabildim sadece. |
Can I have wine instead of beer? | Bira yerine şarap alabilir miyim? |
Okay, but can we talk about when to meet first? | Tamam, ama önce ne zaman buluşacağımızı konuşabilir miyiz? |
Plus I really have to have a shower. | Artı gerçekten bir duş almalıyım. |
Can't your housemates look after him? | Ev arkadaşların ona bakamazlar mı? |
I don't want to upset you, but I have to tell you something! | Seni üzmek istemiyorum, ama sana bir şey söylemem gerekiyor! |
Can you please make your decision ASAP and let me know? | Lütfen mümkün olduğunca çabuk karar verip bana bildirir misiniz? |
I can tell their sex from their face. | Suratlarından cinsiyetlerini söyleyebilirim. |
Um, sorry, I don't have the ad number, where can I find it? | Ah, pardon, ilan numarası bende yok, nereden bulabilirim? |
I said it was a mistake, I was terribly sorry, what else could I say? | Bir yanlışlık olduğunu, çok üzgün olduğumu söyledim, başka ne diyebilirdim ki? |
Maybe she could even put some poison in their food! | Yemeklerine zehir bile koyabilir belki! |
Maybe we should start looking for houses in the suburbs first. | Belki de ilk önce kenar mahallelerden ev bakmaya başlamalıyız. |