Türkçe
In English we use should / shouldn't /ought to / oughtn't to give advice. We use should / ought to to say something is a good thing to do and shouldn't / oughtn't to say something is a bad thing to do.
Example sentences :
Note : To ask for advice we can say: What should I do?
In English, "can" is a modal verb and only has a present, past and conditional form. It can also be used with a future meaning.
Example sentences :
Note : Can is not used to talk about specific possibilities.
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In English, could is used to talk about past ability/ permission/ possibility.
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"Be able to" can be used in the present, past, future, present perfect and as a gerund or infinitive.
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Note : be able to in the present and past is more formal than can or could.
In English we use might or may to say something in the future is possible, but not decided.
Example sentences :
To make questions with might we usually use Do you think...?
Example questions :
In English we can also use might in short answers.
Example short answers :
In English we use have to + infinitive to say something is necessary or obligatory. We normally use have to for a general obligation from an outside source, such as work or the law.
Examples sentences :
In English we use don't have to + infinitive to say something is not necessary or obligatory. It means you can if you want to, but it's not necessary.
Example sentences :
To make questions we use do/does.
Example questions :
Form : ( Must + infinitive without to )
In English we use must + infinitive to talk about rules and obligations. We normally use must when the speaker imposes the obligation, such as a teacher to students, or even to yourself.
Form : ( Mustn't + infinitive without to )
In English we use mustn't + infinitive to say something is prohibited.
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Note : You can often use can't or be + not allowed to instead of mustn't.
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Note : Mustn't and don't have to have completely different meanings.
Mustn't Vs Don't Have To
Note : Have to is a normal verb and exists in all tenses whereas must is a modal verb and its only forms are must and mustn't.
You can also use have to and must for strong recommendations.
Example sentences :
In English we use must when we are sure something is true.
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In English we use may or might when we think something is possibly true.
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In English we use can't when we are sure something is impossible.
Examples sentences :
Note : In this context, the opposite of must is can't, NOT mustn't!
In the past, can't, could, may, might and must for probability change to can't have, could have, may have, might have and must have + past participle (Verb 3).
In the past, should and ought to change to should have and ought to have + past participle (Verb 3).
Note : the form of "must" for obligation and "can" are exceptions.
Must for obligation changes to had to + infinitive
Can changes to could or was able to
| Modal example sentences | |
|---|---|
| You shouldn't have woken her up in the morning! | Onu sabah uyandırmamalıydın! |
| Can I get you some drinks to start with? | Başlangıç olarak içecek bir şeyler getirmemi ister misiniz? |
| Have you watched A.I.? It's quite violent, too, you might like it. | A. I.'yı izledin mi? O da bayağı şiddet içeriyor, beğenebilirsin. |
| Umm, it must be that one with the white fence. | Eee, şu beyaz çitli olan olmalı. |
| Cate, my queue is going faster, you can come over here. | Cate, benim kuyruk daha hızlı ilerliyor, buraya gelebilirsin. |
| And I can hold Bear, we can let them sniff each other first. | Ve ben Bear'ı tutarım ve ilk olarak birbirlerini koklamalarına izin veririz. |
| I'm so excited, we should definitely do it as soon as possible. | Çok heyecanlandım, bunu kesinlikle en kısa sürede yapmalıyız. |
| Yes, but don't touch it, it must be very hot. | Evet ama dokunma, çok sıcaktır. |
| The burglar might like it. | Hırsızın hoşuna giderdi muhtemelen. |
| Can you please make your decision ASAP and let me know? | Lütfen mümkün olduğunca çabuk karar verip bana bildirir misiniz? |
| By just paying a little bit more you could've rented a house in better condition. | Birazcık daha fazla ödeyerek daha iyi durumda bir ev kiralayabilirdin. |
| I wish I could, but I can't, I have to get ready for work. | Keşke yapabilsem, ama yapamam, işe hazırlanmak zorundayım. |
| Of course, we can leave whenever you want. | Tabii ki ne zaman istersen çıkabiliriz. |
| Plus I really have to have a shower. | Artı gerçekten bir duş almalıyım. |
| Yes, it should be hidden somewhere in the top drawer. | Evet, üst çekmecede bir yerde saklanmış olmalı. |
| Of course, you can have whatever you want. | Tabii ki, ne istersen alabilirsin. |
| Can you separate your clothes, then? | O zaman kıyafetlerini ayırabilir misin? |
| Also, it's Friday, we may not be able to get a table. | Ayrıca bugün cuma, masa bulamayabiliriz. |
| Okay, can you tell me what it is, then? | Tamam ne olduğunu söyleyebilir misin o zaman? |
| I'm just concerned about whether we can afford to rent a house! | Ben sadece bir ev kiralamaya paramızın yetip yetmeyeceği konusunda endişeliyim! |
