In English we use should / shouldn't /ought to / oughtn't to give advice. We use should / ought to to say something is a good thing to do and shouldn't / oughtn't to say something is a bad thing to do.
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Note : To ask for advice we can say: What should I do?
In English, "can" is a modal verb and only has a present, past and conditional form. It can also be used with a future meaning.
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Note : Can is not used to talk about specific possibilities.
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In English, could is used to talk about past ability/ permission/ possibility.
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"Be able to" can be used in the present, past, future, present perfect and as a gerund or infinitive.
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Note : be able to in the present and past is more formal than can or could.
In English we use might or may to say something in the future is possible, but not decided.
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To make questions with might we usually use Do you think...?
Example questions :
In English we can also use might in short answers.
Example short answers :
In English we use have to + infinitive to say something is necessary or obligatory. We normally use have to for a general obligation from an outside source, such as work or the law.
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In English we use don't have to + infinitive to say something is not necessary or obligatory. It means you can if you want to, but it's not necessary.
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To make questions we use do/does.
Example questions :
Form : ( Must + infinitive without to )
In English we use must + infinitive to talk about rules and obligations. We normally use must when the speaker imposes the obligation, such as a teacher to students, or even to yourself.
Form : ( Mustn't + infinitive without to )
In English we use mustn't + infinitive to say something is prohibited.
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Note : You can often use can't or be + not allowed to instead of mustn't.
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Note : Mustn't and don't have to have completely different meanings.
Mustn't Vs Don't Have To
Note : Have to is a normal verb and exists in all tenses whereas must is a modal verb and its only forms are must and mustn't.
You can also use have to and must for strong recommendations.
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In English we use must when we are sure something is true.
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In English we use may or might when we think something is possibly true.
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In English we use can't when we are sure something is impossible.
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Note : In this context, the opposite of must is can't, NOT mustn't!
In the past, can't, could, may, might and must for probability change to can't have, could have, may have, might have and must have + past participle (Verb 3).
In the past, should and ought to change to should have and ought to have + past participle (Verb 3).
Note : the form of "must" for obligation and "can" are exceptions.
Must for obligation changes to had to + infinitive
Can changes to could or was able to
Modal example sentences | |
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Also, it's Friday, we may not be able to get a table. | Ayrıca bugün cuma, masa bulamayabiliriz. |
That movie might even be older than me! | O film benden bile yaşlı olabilir! |
Nope, that's fine... I guess I can do some window shopping... | Yok, iyi... Ben de biraz vitrinlere bakarım herhalde... |
So you can enjoy your meal till I come. | Bu sırada ben gelene kadar yemeğinin tadını çıkarabilirsin. |
By just paying a little bit more you could've rented a house in better condition. | Birazcık daha fazla ödeyerek daha iyi durumda bir ev kiralayabilirdin. |
As far as I know, you can only order the things on the menu. | Bildiğim kadarıyla sadece menüdekileri sipariş edebilirsin. |
Can't your housemates look after him? | Ev arkadaşların ona bakamazlar mı? |
You should feel very lucky having him as a friend. | Böyle bir arkadaşın olduğu için çok şanslı hissetmelisin. |
I thought I could look for more houses before my second appointment. | İkinci randevumdan önce biraz daha ev bakabileceğimi düşündüm. |
The train leaves in a few minutes, we should get on soon. | Tren birkaç dakikaya kalkıyor, kısa sürede binmeliyiz. |
Oh yes, I can see it now. | Ha, evet şimdi görebiliyorum. |
Yes, sorry, I have to run! | Evet, üzgünüm, hızla gitmem lazım! |
I'm so excited, we should definitely do it as soon as possible. | Çok heyecanlandım, bunu kesinlikle en kısa sürede yapmalıyız. |
But I have to do it sometimes to visit my family. | Ama ailemi ziyaret etmek için bazen bunu yapmam gerekiyor. |
But... Maybe, we can say it's like the sci-fi version of Pinocchio. | Ama... Belki Pinokyo'nun bilim-kurgu versiyonu gibi diyebiliriz. |
But I wonder what it says, can you show it to me, too? | Ama ne dediğini merak ediyorum, bana da gösterir misin? |
I can't find my bra, can you see it? | Sütyenimi bulamıyorum, görebiliyor musun? |
I already couldn't sleep at all last night! | Zaten dün gece hiç uyuyamadım! |
It may help prevent wasting time for both sides. | İki taraf için de vakit kaybı yaşanmasını engellemiş olur. |
No way, what else can I have instead of chips? | Olamaz, patates kızartması yerine ne alabilirim? |