Русский
In English we use should / shouldn't /ought to / oughtn't to give advice. We use should / ought to to say something is a good thing to do and shouldn't / oughtn't to say something is a bad thing to do.
Example sentences :
Note : To ask for advice we can say: What should I do?
In English, "can" is a modal verb and only has a present, past and conditional form. It can also be used with a future meaning.
Example sentences :
Note : Can is not used to talk about specific possibilities.
Example sentences :
In English, could is used to talk about past ability/ permission/ possibility.
Example sentences :
"Be able to" can be used in the present, past, future, present perfect and as a gerund or infinitive.
Example sentences :
Note : be able to in the present and past is more formal than can or could.
In English we use might or may to say something in the future is possible, but not decided.
Example sentences :
To make questions with might we usually use Do you think...?
Example questions :
In English we can also use might in short answers.
Example short answers :
In English we use have to + infinitive to say something is necessary or obligatory. We normally use have to for a general obligation from an outside source, such as work or the law.
Examples sentences :
In English we use don't have to + infinitive to say something is not necessary or obligatory. It means you can if you want to, but it's not necessary.
Example sentences :
To make questions we use do/does.
Example questions :
Form : ( Must + infinitive without to )
In English we use must + infinitive to talk about rules and obligations. We normally use must when the speaker imposes the obligation, such as a teacher to students, or even to yourself.
Form : ( Mustn't + infinitive without to )
In English we use mustn't + infinitive to say something is prohibited.
Example sentences :
Note : You can often use can't or be + not allowed to instead of mustn't.
Example sentences :
Note : Mustn't and don't have to have completely different meanings.
Mustn't Vs Don't Have To
Note : Have to is a normal verb and exists in all tenses whereas must is a modal verb and its only forms are must and mustn't.
You can also use have to and must for strong recommendations.
Example sentences :
In English we use must when we are sure something is true.
Example sentences :
In English we use may or might when we think something is possibly true.
Examples sentences :
In English we use can't when we are sure something is impossible.
Examples sentences :
Note : In this context, the opposite of must is can't, NOT mustn't!
In the past, can't, could, may, might and must for probability change to can't have, could have, may have, might have and must have + past participle (Verb 3).
In the past, should and ought to change to should have and ought to have + past participle (Verb 3).
Note : the form of "must" for obligation and "can" are exceptions.
Must for obligation changes to had to + infinitive
Can changes to could or was able to
| Modal example sentences | |
|---|---|
| Can you make 4 serves so we can give some to Bear, too? | А можешь приготовить 4 порции, чтобы можно было немного дать Беару? |
| Can't you use another rice instead? | Нельзя вместо него использовать другой рис? |
| I see, can you get a month long holiday from work? | Понятно, могут ли тебе дать на работе отпуск на целый месяц? |
| I've got my oyster card, can I use it to buy a ticket? | У меня есть транспортная карта Oyster, я могу использовать ее для покупки билета? |
| He is a bit of a d*ck, as you might have already realised. | Он немного м*дак, как вы уже поняли. |
| What do you mean by they can't get married legally? | А что ты имеешь в виду, говоря что они не могут официально быть женаты? |
| I see, but shouldn't they have given you at least a month's notice? | Понятно, но разве они не должны были уведомить тебя по крайней мере за месяц? |
| Nope, that's fine... I guess I can do some window shopping... | Нет, это отлично... Я думаю, я смогу прогуляться по магазинам... |
| But I have to do it sometimes to visit my family. | Но я вынуждена иногда летать, чтобы навестить мою семью. |
| I believe with four of us we can afford it easily. | Я верю, что вчетвером мы легко можем себе это позволить. |
| They should be back any time. | Они могут вернуться в любой момент. |
| Hey, it's my turn, but I think Pogo should go first. | Эй, это моя очередь, но пускай Пого идёт первым. |
| As you might know, you should always keep an eye on your stuff at pubs. | Как ты знаешь, тебе следует всегда присматривать за своими вещами в пабах. |
| Hello, Camden-City Real Estate, how can I help you? | Здравствуйте, агентство недвижимости Камден-Сити, чем я могу помочь? |
| It's a very long time, who could stand it? | Это очень долго, кто мог такое установить? |
| We can use the queue that goes faster. | Мы сможем воспользоваться той очередью, которая движется быстрее. |
| Of course, we can leave whenever you want. | Конечно, мы можем уйти, когда захочешь. |
| I can understand that. | Представляю. |
| Why do you have to finish everything today? | Почему ты должна закончить все делать сегодня? |
| I can hear well, you don't have to shout at me, dear. | Я хорошо слышу, не нужно так кричать мне, дорогой. |
