हिन्दी
In English we use should / shouldn't /ought to / oughtn't to give advice. We use should / ought to to say something is a good thing to do and shouldn't / oughtn't to say something is a bad thing to do.
Example sentences :
Note : To ask for advice we can say: What should I do?
In English, "can" is a modal verb and only has a present, past and conditional form. It can also be used with a future meaning.
Example sentences :
Note : Can is not used to talk about specific possibilities.
Example sentences :
In English, could is used to talk about past ability/ permission/ possibility.
Example sentences :
"Be able to" can be used in the present, past, future, present perfect and as a gerund or infinitive.
Example sentences :
Note : be able to in the present and past is more formal than can or could.
In English we use might or may to say something in the future is possible, but not decided.
Example sentences :
To make questions with might we usually use Do you think...?
Example questions :
In English we can also use might in short answers.
Example short answers :
In English we use have to + infinitive to say something is necessary or obligatory. We normally use have to for a general obligation from an outside source, such as work or the law.
Examples sentences :
In English we use don't have to + infinitive to say something is not necessary or obligatory. It means you can if you want to, but it's not necessary.
Example sentences :
To make questions we use do/does.
Example questions :
Form : ( Must + infinitive without to )
In English we use must + infinitive to talk about rules and obligations. We normally use must when the speaker imposes the obligation, such as a teacher to students, or even to yourself.
Form : ( Mustn't + infinitive without to )
In English we use mustn't + infinitive to say something is prohibited.
Example sentences :
Note : You can often use can't or be + not allowed to instead of mustn't.
Example sentences :
Note : Mustn't and don't have to have completely different meanings.
Mustn't Vs Don't Have To
Note : Have to is a normal verb and exists in all tenses whereas must is a modal verb and its only forms are must and mustn't.
You can also use have to and must for strong recommendations.
Example sentences :
In English we use must when we are sure something is true.
Example sentences :
In English we use may or might when we think something is possibly true.
Examples sentences :
In English we use can't when we are sure something is impossible.
Examples sentences :
Note : In this context, the opposite of must is can't, NOT mustn't!
In the past, can't, could, may, might and must for probability change to can't have, could have, may have, might have and must have + past participle (Verb 3).
In the past, should and ought to change to should have and ought to have + past participle (Verb 3).
Note : the form of "must" for obligation and "can" are exceptions.
Must for obligation changes to had to + infinitive
Can changes to could or was able to
| Modal example sentences | |
|---|---|
| That's nice, can we add some beer to it for me, also? | यह अच्छा है, क्या हम मेरे लिए इसमें थोड़ा बियर भी डाल सकते हैं? |
| I don't know, she could do anything! | मुझे नहीं पता, वो कुछ भी कर सकती है! |
| It must be very difficult for your mum. | यह तुम्हारी माँ के लिए बहुत मुश्किल होगा। |
| You could have brought the book directly! | तुम सीधे किताब ला सकती थी! |
| We can wander around till 7 or 8 and have some drinks, maybe. | हम 7 या 8 बजे तक इधर-उधर घूम सकते हैं और कुछ शायद कुछ ड्रिंक ले सकते हैं। |
| Yeah, maybe next time you can put that as a note on the ad. | हाँ, शायद अगली बार आप अपने विज्ञापन में टिप्पणी के रूप में यह डाल सकते हैं। |
| Yes darling, we just live in the house next door, you can come anytime! | हाँ, हम बगल वाले घर में ही रहते हैं, आप कभी भी आ सकते हैं! |
| I guess I can leave around four-ish. | मुझे लगता है मैं चार बजे के लगभग निकल सकती हूँ। |
| Hm... All the stuff on the left hand side can go. | हम्म... बायीं तरफ वाली सभी चीजें जा सकती हैं। |
| I think they should be more understanding. | मुझे लगता है उन्हें थोड़ा ज्यादा समझदार होना चाहिए। |
| I see, can you get a month long holiday from work? | अच्छा, क्या तुम्हें काम से एक महीने की छुट्टी मिल सकती है? |
| Mike, can you hear me? | माइक, क्या आप मुझे सुन सकते हैं? |
| But I wonder what it says, can you show it to me, too? | लेकिन मैं सोच रही हूँ इसमें क्या लिखा है, क्या तुम मुझे भी यह दिखा सकते हो? |
| Can he walk properly now? | क्या अब वो सही से चल सकता है? |
| I think the chicken must be ready by now. | मुझे लगता है चिकन अब तक तैयार हो गया होगा। |
| It doesn't matter for me, you can get the one you like best. | मुझे इससे कोई फर्क नहीं पड़ता, तुम्हें जो सबसे अच्छा लगे ले सकती हो। |
| Check the cupboard just in front of you, it should be there. | अपने सामने वाला कपबोर्ड देखो, यह वहां होना चाहिए। |
| That movie might even be older than me! | वो फिल्म तो मुझसे भी पुरानी होगी! |
| Hmm, well, I guess I have to think about it. | हम्म, खैर, मुझे लगता है मुझे इसके बारे में सोचना होगा। |
| Umm, yeah, I think we should consider living in Angel, too. | उम्म, हाँ, मुझे लगता है, हमें एंजेल में भी रहने के बारे में विचार करना चाहिए। |
