हिन्दी
In English we use should / shouldn't /ought to / oughtn't to give advice. We use should / ought to to say something is a good thing to do and shouldn't / oughtn't to say something is a bad thing to do.
Example sentences :
Note : To ask for advice we can say: What should I do?
In English, "can" is a modal verb and only has a present, past and conditional form. It can also be used with a future meaning.
Example sentences :
Note : Can is not used to talk about specific possibilities.
Example sentences :
In English, could is used to talk about past ability/ permission/ possibility.
Example sentences :
"Be able to" can be used in the present, past, future, present perfect and as a gerund or infinitive.
Example sentences :
Note : be able to in the present and past is more formal than can or could.
In English we use might or may to say something in the future is possible, but not decided.
Example sentences :
To make questions with might we usually use Do you think...?
Example questions :
In English we can also use might in short answers.
Example short answers :
In English we use have to + infinitive to say something is necessary or obligatory. We normally use have to for a general obligation from an outside source, such as work or the law.
Examples sentences :
In English we use don't have to + infinitive to say something is not necessary or obligatory. It means you can if you want to, but it's not necessary.
Example sentences :
To make questions we use do/does.
Example questions :
Form : ( Must + infinitive without to )
In English we use must + infinitive to talk about rules and obligations. We normally use must when the speaker imposes the obligation, such as a teacher to students, or even to yourself.
Form : ( Mustn't + infinitive without to )
In English we use mustn't + infinitive to say something is prohibited.
Example sentences :
Note : You can often use can't or be + not allowed to instead of mustn't.
Example sentences :
Note : Mustn't and don't have to have completely different meanings.
Mustn't Vs Don't Have To
Note : Have to is a normal verb and exists in all tenses whereas must is a modal verb and its only forms are must and mustn't.
You can also use have to and must for strong recommendations.
Example sentences :
In English we use must when we are sure something is true.
Example sentences :
In English we use may or might when we think something is possibly true.
Examples sentences :
In English we use can't when we are sure something is impossible.
Examples sentences :
Note : In this context, the opposite of must is can't, NOT mustn't!
In the past, can't, could, may, might and must for probability change to can't have, could have, may have, might have and must have + past participle (Verb 3).
In the past, should and ought to change to should have and ought to have + past participle (Verb 3).
Note : the form of "must" for obligation and "can" are exceptions.
Must for obligation changes to had to + infinitive
Can changes to could or was able to
| Modal example sentences | |
|---|---|
| Hmm, nope, I think we can buy everything here. | हम्म, नहीं मुझे लगता है हम यहाँ सबकुछ खरीद सकते हैं। |
| Okay, can you boil some water in the kettle, then? | ठीक है, तो क्या हम केतली में थोड़ा पानी उबाल सकते हैं? |
| And I can hold Bear, we can let them sniff each other first. | और मैं बेयर को पकड़ सकता हूँ, इसके बाद सबसे पहले हम उन्हें एक-दूसरे को सूंघने देंगे। |
| I can use incense for the smell... | मैं महक के लिए अगरबत्ती इस्तेमाल कर सकता हूँ... |
| Maybe you can try some prawn crackers. | शायद तुम थोड़े प्रॉन क्रैकर आजमा सकते हो। |
| Can't you use another rice instead? | क्या तुम इसके बजाय कोई दूसरा चावल इस्तेमाल नहीं कर सकती? |
| How can I turn it on? | मैं इसे कैसे चालू कर सकती हूँ? |
| Yes, sorry, I have to run! | जी हाँ, माफ करना, लेकिन मुझे जाना होगा! |
| Haven't decided yet, but you can call me when you finish. | अभी तक सोचा नहीं लेकिन, अपना काम खत्म करने बाद तुम मुझे कॉल कर सकते हो। |
| I think we can let him explore the garden. | मुझे लगता है हम उसे बगीचे में घूमने के लिए छोड़ सकते हैं। |
| He can get some bread on his way back. | वह वापस आते समय ब्रेड ला सकता है। |
| Too bad, they must have understood you are a liar, then. | बहुत बुरा हुआ, तो फिर, उन्हें समझ आ गया होगा कि तुम झूठी हो। |
| Can you make 4 serves so we can give some to Bear, too? | क्या तुम 4 लोगों के लिए बना सकती हो ताकि हम थोड़ा बेयर को भी दे सकें? |
| But I have to do it sometimes to visit my family. | लेकिन अपने परिवार से मिलने जाने के लिए मुझे कभी-कभी यह करना पड़ता है। |
| So you can enjoy your meal till I come. | तो मेरे आने तक तुम अपने खाने का मज़ा ले सकती हो। |
| Um, I'm going to finish at 5, we can meet at 17:30 if you like. | उम्म, मेरा काम 5 बजे खत्म हो जायेगा, अगर तुम चाहो तो हम 17:30 बजे मिल सकते हैं। |
| Can he walk properly now? | क्या अब वो सही से चल सकता है? |
| Yeah, maybe next time you can put that as a note on the ad. | हाँ, शायद अगली बार आप अपने विज्ञापन में टिप्पणी के रूप में यह डाल सकते हैं। |
| Mike, can you hear me? | माइक, क्या आप मुझे सुन सकते हैं? |
| I think we should move from that house as soon as we can! | मुझे लगता है जितनी जल्दी हो सके हमें उस घर से निकल जाना चाहिए! |
