हिन्दी
In English we use should / shouldn't /ought to / oughtn't to give advice. We use should / ought to to say something is a good thing to do and shouldn't / oughtn't to say something is a bad thing to do.
Example sentences :
Note : To ask for advice we can say: What should I do?
In English, "can" is a modal verb and only has a present, past and conditional form. It can also be used with a future meaning.
Example sentences :
Note : Can is not used to talk about specific possibilities.
Example sentences :
In English, could is used to talk about past ability/ permission/ possibility.
Example sentences :
"Be able to" can be used in the present, past, future, present perfect and as a gerund or infinitive.
Example sentences :
Note : be able to in the present and past is more formal than can or could.
In English we use might or may to say something in the future is possible, but not decided.
Example sentences :
To make questions with might we usually use Do you think...?
Example questions :
In English we can also use might in short answers.
Example short answers :
In English we use have to + infinitive to say something is necessary or obligatory. We normally use have to for a general obligation from an outside source, such as work or the law.
Examples sentences :
In English we use don't have to + infinitive to say something is not necessary or obligatory. It means you can if you want to, but it's not necessary.
Example sentences :
To make questions we use do/does.
Example questions :
Form : ( Must + infinitive without to )
In English we use must + infinitive to talk about rules and obligations. We normally use must when the speaker imposes the obligation, such as a teacher to students, or even to yourself.
Form : ( Mustn't + infinitive without to )
In English we use mustn't + infinitive to say something is prohibited.
Example sentences :
Note : You can often use can't or be + not allowed to instead of mustn't.
Example sentences :
Note : Mustn't and don't have to have completely different meanings.
Mustn't Vs Don't Have To
Note : Have to is a normal verb and exists in all tenses whereas must is a modal verb and its only forms are must and mustn't.
You can also use have to and must for strong recommendations.
Example sentences :
In English we use must when we are sure something is true.
Example sentences :
In English we use may or might when we think something is possibly true.
Examples sentences :
In English we use can't when we are sure something is impossible.
Examples sentences :
Note : In this context, the opposite of must is can't, NOT mustn't!
In the past, can't, could, may, might and must for probability change to can't have, could have, may have, might have and must have + past participle (Verb 3).
In the past, should and ought to change to should have and ought to have + past participle (Verb 3).
Note : the form of "must" for obligation and "can" are exceptions.
Must for obligation changes to had to + infinitive
Can changes to could or was able to
| Modal example sentences | |
|---|---|
| Can't you use another rice instead? | क्या तुम इसके बजाय कोई दूसरा चावल इस्तेमाल नहीं कर सकती? |
| Another big problem is, I can't take Pogo with me. | दूसरी बड़ी समस्या यह है कि मैं पोगो को अपने साथ नहीं ले जा सकती। |
| You shouldn't have woken her up in the morning! | तुम्हें उसे सुबह नहीं उठाना चाहिए था! |
| Yes darling, we just live in the house next door, you can come anytime! | हाँ, हम बगल वाले घर में ही रहते हैं, आप कभी भी आ सकते हैं! |
| Yes, normally, that's what they should do. | हाँ, आमतौर पर, उन्हें यही करना चाहिए। |
| Why do you have to finish everything today? | तुम्हें आज ही सारा काम क्यों खत्म करना है? |
| Mike, you are cutting out, I can't hear you! | माइक आपकी आवाज़ कट रही है, मैं आपको नहीं सुन पा रही हूँ! |
| Have you watched A.I.? It's quite violent, too, you might like it. | क्या तुमने ए.आई. देखी है? यह भी काफी हिंसात्मक है, तुम्हें यह पसंद आ सकती है। |
| Why can French restaurants serve bugs, but Chinese ones can't? | क्यों फ्रेंच रेस्टोरेंट कीड़े दे सकते हैं, लेकिन चीनी रेस्टोरेंट नहीं? |
| After I finish unpacking my suitcase, we can put them in there. | अपने सूटकेस से सामान बाहर निकालने के बाद, हम उन्हें उसमें रख सकते हैं। |
| Can't we rest now and continue tomorrow? | क्या हम अभी आराम करके कल दोबारा यह करना शुरू नहीं कर सकते हैं? |
| Yes, but don't touch it, it must be very hot. | हाँ, लेकिन इसे छूना नहीं, यह बहुत गर्म होगा। |
| Oh, so I should keep my expectations low for tonight, then! | ओह, तो फिर आज रात के लिए मुझे कम अपेक्षाएं रखनी चाहिए! |
| Plus I really have to have a shower. | साथ ही मुझे नहाना भी पड़ेगा। |
| I can feel Pogo's heart beating like a maniac. | मैं महसूस कर सकती हूँ कि पोगो का दिल जोर-जोर से धड़क रहा है। |
| I can't find my bra, can you see it? | मुझे अपनी ब्रा नहीं मिल रही, क्या तुम इसे देख सकते हो? |
| But I have to be in Brighton in the afternoon. | लेकिन मुझे दोपहर तक ब्राइटन पहुँचना है। |
| I don't think you can use any other rice for risotto. | मुझे नहीं लगता कि आप रिसोट्टो के लिए कोई दूसरा चावल इस्तेमाल कर सकते हैं। |
| I see, can you get a month long holiday from work? | अच्छा, क्या तुम्हें काम से एक महीने की छुट्टी मिल सकती है? |
| Can you open the tube map for me? | क्या तुम मेरे लिए ट्यूब मानचित्र खोल सकते हो? |
