हिन्दी
In English we use should / shouldn't /ought to / oughtn't to give advice. We use should / ought to to say something is a good thing to do and shouldn't / oughtn't to say something is a bad thing to do.
Example sentences :
Note : To ask for advice we can say: What should I do?
In English, "can" is a modal verb and only has a present, past and conditional form. It can also be used with a future meaning.
Example sentences :
Note : Can is not used to talk about specific possibilities.
Example sentences :
In English, could is used to talk about past ability/ permission/ possibility.
Example sentences :
"Be able to" can be used in the present, past, future, present perfect and as a gerund or infinitive.
Example sentences :
Note : be able to in the present and past is more formal than can or could.
In English we use might or may to say something in the future is possible, but not decided.
Example sentences :
To make questions with might we usually use Do you think...?
Example questions :
In English we can also use might in short answers.
Example short answers :
In English we use have to + infinitive to say something is necessary or obligatory. We normally use have to for a general obligation from an outside source, such as work or the law.
Examples sentences :
In English we use don't have to + infinitive to say something is not necessary or obligatory. It means you can if you want to, but it's not necessary.
Example sentences :
To make questions we use do/does.
Example questions :
Form : ( Must + infinitive without to )
In English we use must + infinitive to talk about rules and obligations. We normally use must when the speaker imposes the obligation, such as a teacher to students, or even to yourself.
Form : ( Mustn't + infinitive without to )
In English we use mustn't + infinitive to say something is prohibited.
Example sentences :
Note : You can often use can't or be + not allowed to instead of mustn't.
Example sentences :
Note : Mustn't and don't have to have completely different meanings.
Mustn't Vs Don't Have To
Note : Have to is a normal verb and exists in all tenses whereas must is a modal verb and its only forms are must and mustn't.
You can also use have to and must for strong recommendations.
Example sentences :
In English we use must when we are sure something is true.
Example sentences :
In English we use may or might when we think something is possibly true.
Examples sentences :
In English we use can't when we are sure something is impossible.
Examples sentences :
Note : In this context, the opposite of must is can't, NOT mustn't!
In the past, can't, could, may, might and must for probability change to can't have, could have, may have, might have and must have + past participle (Verb 3).
In the past, should and ought to change to should have and ought to have + past participle (Verb 3).
Note : the form of "must" for obligation and "can" are exceptions.
Must for obligation changes to had to + infinitive
Can changes to could or was able to
| Modal example sentences | |
|---|---|
| Umm, can I do it after I smoke? | उम्म, क्या मैं सिगरेट पीने के बाद यह कर सकता हूँ? |
| Yes, normally, that's what they should do. | हाँ, आमतौर पर, उन्हें यही करना चाहिए। |
| Can't we rest now and continue tomorrow? | क्या हम अभी आराम करके कल दोबारा यह करना शुरू नहीं कर सकते हैं? |
| I don't want to upset you, but I have to tell you something! | मैं तुम्हें नाराज़ नहीं करना चाहता, लेकिन मुझे तुमसे कुछ कहना है! |
| You shouldn't smoke where we sleep. | तुम्हें उस जगह सिगरेट नहीं पीना चाहिए जहाँ हम सोते हैं। |
| I can't hear you, Mike! | मैं आपको नहीं सुन सकती हूँ माइक! |
| Can you make 4 serves so we can give some to Bear, too? | क्या तुम 4 लोगों के लिए बना सकती हो ताकि हम थोड़ा बेयर को भी दे सकें? |
| I don't think they can legally be married! | मुझे नहीं लगता कि वे क़ानूनी रूप से विवाहित हो सकते हैं! |
| I wish I could, but I can't, I have to get ready for work. | काश मैं कर पाती, लेकिन नहीं कर सकती, मुझे काम के लिए तैयार होना है। |
| Too bad, they must have understood you are a liar, then. | बहुत बुरा हुआ, तो फिर, उन्हें समझ आ गया होगा कि तुम झूठी हो। |
| How can I turn it on? | मैं इसे कैसे चालू कर सकती हूँ? |
| Yes there were, but they must have been taken 50 years ago! | हाँ वहां तस्वीर थी, लेकिन उन्हें 50 साल पहले लिया गया होगा! |
| Can you call the manager and get back to me ASAP? | क्या आप प्रबंधक को कॉल करके मुझे इसके बारे में जल्दी से जल्दी बता सकती हैं? |
| But we have to leave now. | लेकिन अब हमें चलना होगा। |
| I can't find my bra, can you see it? | मुझे अपनी ब्रा नहीं मिल रही, क्या तुम इसे देख सकते हो? |
| Oh yes, I can see it now. | ओह, हाँ, अब मैं यह देख सकती हूँ। |
| Hmm, nope, I think we can buy everything here. | हम्म, नहीं मुझे लगता है हम यहाँ सबकुछ खरीद सकते हैं। |
| So you can enjoy your meal till I come. | तो मेरे आने तक तुम अपने खाने का मज़ा ले सकती हो। |
| Or maybe I can have some drinks with friends from work. | या शायद मैं अपने साथ काम करने वाले दोस्तों के साथ कुछ ड्रिंक ले सकती हूँ। |
| You know, the landlords should give you some kitchen utensils. | तुम्हें पता है ना कि मकान मालिकों को आपको कुछ रसोईघर के बर्तन देने चाहिए। |
