हिन्दी
In English we use should / shouldn't /ought to / oughtn't to give advice. We use should / ought to to say something is a good thing to do and shouldn't / oughtn't to say something is a bad thing to do.
Example sentences :
Note : To ask for advice we can say: What should I do?
In English, "can" is a modal verb and only has a present, past and conditional form. It can also be used with a future meaning.
Example sentences :
Note : Can is not used to talk about specific possibilities.
Example sentences :
In English, could is used to talk about past ability/ permission/ possibility.
Example sentences :
"Be able to" can be used in the present, past, future, present perfect and as a gerund or infinitive.
Example sentences :
Note : be able to in the present and past is more formal than can or could.
In English we use might or may to say something in the future is possible, but not decided.
Example sentences :
To make questions with might we usually use Do you think...?
Example questions :
In English we can also use might in short answers.
Example short answers :
In English we use have to + infinitive to say something is necessary or obligatory. We normally use have to for a general obligation from an outside source, such as work or the law.
Examples sentences :
In English we use don't have to + infinitive to say something is not necessary or obligatory. It means you can if you want to, but it's not necessary.
Example sentences :
To make questions we use do/does.
Example questions :
Form : ( Must + infinitive without to )
In English we use must + infinitive to talk about rules and obligations. We normally use must when the speaker imposes the obligation, such as a teacher to students, or even to yourself.
Form : ( Mustn't + infinitive without to )
In English we use mustn't + infinitive to say something is prohibited.
Example sentences :
Note : You can often use can't or be + not allowed to instead of mustn't.
Example sentences :
Note : Mustn't and don't have to have completely different meanings.
Mustn't Vs Don't Have To
Note : Have to is a normal verb and exists in all tenses whereas must is a modal verb and its only forms are must and mustn't.
You can also use have to and must for strong recommendations.
Example sentences :
In English we use must when we are sure something is true.
Example sentences :
In English we use may or might when we think something is possibly true.
Examples sentences :
In English we use can't when we are sure something is impossible.
Examples sentences :
Note : In this context, the opposite of must is can't, NOT mustn't!
In the past, can't, could, may, might and must for probability change to can't have, could have, may have, might have and must have + past participle (Verb 3).
In the past, should and ought to change to should have and ought to have + past participle (Verb 3).
Note : the form of "must" for obligation and "can" are exceptions.
Must for obligation changes to had to + infinitive
Can changes to could or was able to
| Modal example sentences | |
|---|---|
| As far as I know, you can only order the things on the menu. | जहाँ तक मुझे पता है, तुम केवल मेन्यू में दी गयी चीजें मंगा सकते हो। |
| Maybe you can teach me how to make phone calls. | शायद तुम मुझे फोन कॉल करना सीखा सकते हो। |
| Hello, Diamond Duck, can I help you? | हैलो, डायमंड डक, क्या मैं आपकी मदद कर सकती हूँ? |
| It doesn't matter for me, you can get the one you like best. | मुझे इससे कोई फर्क नहीं पड़ता, तुम्हें जो सबसे अच्छा लगे ले सकती हो। |
| Mr. Jones, I'm calling about the house in Angel! Can you hear me? | श्रीमान जोंस, मैंने एंजेल में घर के लिए कॉल किया है! क्या आप मुझे सुन सकते हैं? |
| Yes there were, but they must have been taken 50 years ago! | हाँ वहां तस्वीर थी, लेकिन उन्हें 50 साल पहले लिया गया होगा! |
| You shouldn't smoke where we sleep. | तुम्हें उस जगह सिगरेट नहीं पीना चाहिए जहाँ हम सोते हैं। |
| We can ask the shop assistant first. | पहले हम दुकान के सहायक से पूछ सकते हैं। |
| I can't promise, but we can try, at least. | मैं वादा नहीं कर सकता, लेकिन, कम से कम हम कोशिश कर सकते हैं। |
| Can you come for a second? You can talk to him later! | क्या तुम एक सेकंड के लिए आ सकते हो? तुम उससे बाद में बात कर सकते हो! |
| Cate, my queue is going faster, you can come over here. | केट, मेरी लाइन तेज जा रही है, तुम यहाँ आ सकती हो। |
| Sure, the room is empty so you can move in whenever you like. | हाँ जरुर, कमरा खाली है तो आप जब चाहे यहाँ आ सकती हैं। |
| What do you mean by they can't get married legally? | वे क़ानूनी रूप से विवाहित नहीं हो सकते हैं से तुम्हारा क्या मतलब है? |
| I wish I could, but I can't, I have to get ready for work. | काश मैं कर पाती, लेकिन नहीं कर सकती, मुझे काम के लिए तैयार होना है। |
| Mike, you are cutting out, I can't hear you! | माइक आपकी आवाज़ कट रही है, मैं आपको नहीं सुन पा रही हूँ! |
| How can I turn it on? | मैं इसे कैसे चालू कर सकती हूँ? |
| How can you be so sure? | तुम्हें इतना यकीन कैसे है? |
| I can hear well, you don't have to shout at me, dear. | मैं ठीक से सुन सकती हूँ, आपको चिल्लाने की जरुरत नहीं है, प्रिय। |
| I guess we should go and check another store. | मुझे लगता है हमें कोई और दुकान देखनी चाहिए। |
| Can I have wine instead of beer? | क्या मैं बियर की जगह वाइन ले सकती हूँ? |
