हिन्दी
In English we use should / shouldn't /ought to / oughtn't to give advice. We use should / ought to to say something is a good thing to do and shouldn't / oughtn't to say something is a bad thing to do.
Example sentences :
Note : To ask for advice we can say: What should I do?
In English, "can" is a modal verb and only has a present, past and conditional form. It can also be used with a future meaning.
Example sentences :
Note : Can is not used to talk about specific possibilities.
Example sentences :
In English, could is used to talk about past ability/ permission/ possibility.
Example sentences :
"Be able to" can be used in the present, past, future, present perfect and as a gerund or infinitive.
Example sentences :
Note : be able to in the present and past is more formal than can or could.
In English we use might or may to say something in the future is possible, but not decided.
Example sentences :
To make questions with might we usually use Do you think...?
Example questions :
In English we can also use might in short answers.
Example short answers :
In English we use have to + infinitive to say something is necessary or obligatory. We normally use have to for a general obligation from an outside source, such as work or the law.
Examples sentences :
In English we use don't have to + infinitive to say something is not necessary or obligatory. It means you can if you want to, but it's not necessary.
Example sentences :
To make questions we use do/does.
Example questions :
Form : ( Must + infinitive without to )
In English we use must + infinitive to talk about rules and obligations. We normally use must when the speaker imposes the obligation, such as a teacher to students, or even to yourself.
Form : ( Mustn't + infinitive without to )
In English we use mustn't + infinitive to say something is prohibited.
Example sentences :
Note : You can often use can't or be + not allowed to instead of mustn't.
Example sentences :
Note : Mustn't and don't have to have completely different meanings.
Mustn't Vs Don't Have To
Note : Have to is a normal verb and exists in all tenses whereas must is a modal verb and its only forms are must and mustn't.
You can also use have to and must for strong recommendations.
Example sentences :
In English we use must when we are sure something is true.
Example sentences :
In English we use may or might when we think something is possibly true.
Examples sentences :
In English we use can't when we are sure something is impossible.
Examples sentences :
Note : In this context, the opposite of must is can't, NOT mustn't!
In the past, can't, could, may, might and must for probability change to can't have, could have, may have, might have and must have + past participle (Verb 3).
In the past, should and ought to change to should have and ought to have + past participle (Verb 3).
Note : the form of "must" for obligation and "can" are exceptions.
Must for obligation changes to had to + infinitive
Can changes to could or was able to
| Modal example sentences | |
|---|---|
| Um, sorry, I don't have the ad number, where can I find it? | उम्म, माफ़ करना, मेरे पास विज्ञापन संख्या नहीं है, मुझे यह कहाँ मिल सकता है? |
| Okay, but can we talk about when to meet first? | ठीक है, लेकिन क्या हम पहले यह बात कर सकते हैं कि कब मिलना है? |
| Yes, normally, that's what they should do. | हाँ, आमतौर पर, उन्हें यही करना चाहिए। |
| I can tell their sex from their face. | मैं उनके चेहरे से उनका लिंग बता सकता हूँ। |
| Just a sec, I printed the recipe, I have to find it in my bag. | एक सेकंड, मैंने रेसिपी प्रिंट की थी, मुझे यह अपने बैग में ढूंढना होगा। |
| You can sit on the sofa and hold him on your lap. | तुम उसे अपनी गोद में पकड़कर सोफे पर बैठ सकती हो। |
| How can you be so sure? | तुम्हें इतना यकीन कैसे है? |
| Why do you have to finish everything today? | तुम्हें आज ही सारा काम क्यों खत्म करना है? |
| Plus I really have to have a shower. | साथ ही मुझे नहाना भी पड़ेगा। |
| Sorry... Beary! Come here, my boy, seems we have to wait a while. | माफ करना... बेयर! यहां आओ, लगता है हमें थोड़ी देर इंतज़ार करना होगा। |
| I don't know, it's up to you, you can cook anything you like. | मुझे नहीं पता, यह तुम्हारे ऊपर है, तुम अपनी पसंद का कुछ भी पका सकते हो। |
| But I have to finish doing everything today. | लेकिन मुझे आज ही सारा काम खत्म करना होगा। |
| Mike, you are cutting out, I can't hear you! | माइक आपकी आवाज़ कट रही है, मैं आपको नहीं सुन पा रही हूँ! |
| Okay, can I have it with some barbecued scorpions on the side? | ठीक है, क्या मैं इसे कुछ भुने हुए बिच्छुओं के साथ ले सकता हूँ? |
| It must be very difficult for your mum. | यह तुम्हारी माँ के लिए बहुत मुश्किल होगा। |
| We can get the other things on the way back. | हम वापस जाते समय दूसरी चीजें ले सकते हैं। |
| No, all the cutlery should be in the top drawer! | नहीं, सभी कांटे-चम्मच ऊपर वाली दराज़ में होने चाहिए! |
| I see, but shouldn't they have given you at least a month's notice? | अच्छा, लेकिन क्या उन्हें तुम्हें कम से कम एक महीने का नोटिस नहीं देना चाहिए था? |
| Umm, yeah, I think we should consider living in Angel, too. | उम्म, हाँ, मुझे लगता है, हमें एंजेल में भी रहने के बारे में विचार करना चाहिए। |
| I can feel Pogo's heart beating like a maniac. | मैं महसूस कर सकती हूँ कि पोगो का दिल जोर-जोर से धड़क रहा है। |
