हिन्दी
In English we use should / shouldn't /ought to / oughtn't to give advice. We use should / ought to to say something is a good thing to do and shouldn't / oughtn't to say something is a bad thing to do.
Example sentences :
Note : To ask for advice we can say: What should I do?
In English, "can" is a modal verb and only has a present, past and conditional form. It can also be used with a future meaning.
Example sentences :
Note : Can is not used to talk about specific possibilities.
Example sentences :
In English, could is used to talk about past ability/ permission/ possibility.
Example sentences :
"Be able to" can be used in the present, past, future, present perfect and as a gerund or infinitive.
Example sentences :
Note : be able to in the present and past is more formal than can or could.
In English we use might or may to say something in the future is possible, but not decided.
Example sentences :
To make questions with might we usually use Do you think...?
Example questions :
In English we can also use might in short answers.
Example short answers :
In English we use have to + infinitive to say something is necessary or obligatory. We normally use have to for a general obligation from an outside source, such as work or the law.
Examples sentences :
In English we use don't have to + infinitive to say something is not necessary or obligatory. It means you can if you want to, but it's not necessary.
Example sentences :
To make questions we use do/does.
Example questions :
Form : ( Must + infinitive without to )
In English we use must + infinitive to talk about rules and obligations. We normally use must when the speaker imposes the obligation, such as a teacher to students, or even to yourself.
Form : ( Mustn't + infinitive without to )
In English we use mustn't + infinitive to say something is prohibited.
Example sentences :
Note : You can often use can't or be + not allowed to instead of mustn't.
Example sentences :
Note : Mustn't and don't have to have completely different meanings.
Mustn't Vs Don't Have To
Note : Have to is a normal verb and exists in all tenses whereas must is a modal verb and its only forms are must and mustn't.
You can also use have to and must for strong recommendations.
Example sentences :
In English we use must when we are sure something is true.
Example sentences :
In English we use may or might when we think something is possibly true.
Examples sentences :
In English we use can't when we are sure something is impossible.
Examples sentences :
Note : In this context, the opposite of must is can't, NOT mustn't!
In the past, can't, could, may, might and must for probability change to can't have, could have, may have, might have and must have + past participle (Verb 3).
In the past, should and ought to change to should have and ought to have + past participle (Verb 3).
Note : the form of "must" for obligation and "can" are exceptions.
Must for obligation changes to had to + infinitive
Can changes to could or was able to
| Modal example sentences | |
|---|---|
| But we should tell them to clean up the mess. | लेकिन हमें उन्हें यह साफ करने के लिए बोल देना चाहिए। |
| I think they should be more understanding. | मुझे लगता है उन्हें थोड़ा ज्यादा समझदार होना चाहिए। |
| You shouldn't have woken her up in the morning! | तुम्हें उसे सुबह नहीं उठाना चाहिए था! |
| Haven't decided yet, but you can call me when you finish. | अभी तक सोचा नहीं लेकिन, अपना काम खत्म करने बाद तुम मुझे कॉल कर सकते हो। |
| I can use incense for the smell... | मैं महक के लिए अगरबत्ती इस्तेमाल कर सकता हूँ... |
| Joseph, I'm taking the room, we can sign the contract! | जोसफ, मैं कमरा ले रही हूँ, हम अनुबंध पर हस्ताक्षर कर सकते हैं! |
| Sure, the room is empty so you can move in whenever you like. | हाँ जरुर, कमरा खाली है तो आप जब चाहे यहाँ आ सकती हैं। |
| I already couldn't sleep at all last night! | मैं पहले ही कल रात बिलकुल भी सो नहीं पायी हूँ! |
| Or maybe I can have some drinks with friends from work. | या शायद मैं अपने साथ काम करने वाले दोस्तों के साथ कुछ ड्रिंक ले सकती हूँ। |
| No, you have to bring your own or buy new ones, dear. | नहीं, प्रिय, वे तुम्हें अपने लाने होंगे या नए खरीदने होंगे। |
| Umm, it must be that one with the white fence. | उम्म, यह सफ़ेद मेड़ वाला घर होना चाहिए। |
| Maybe she could even put some poison in their food! | शायद वो उनके खाने में कुछ जहर भी डाल सकती है! |
| Can't you have the meeting another time? | क्या तुम्हारी बैठक कभी और नहीं हो सकती? |
| Maybe we should start looking for houses in the suburbs first. | शायद पहले हमें उपनगरों में घर देखना शुरू करना चाहिए। |
| I thought I could look for more houses before my second appointment. | मैंने सोचा मैं अपनी दूसरी मुलाकात से पहले और अधिक घर खोज सकती हूँ। |
| I don't know, it's up to you, you can cook anything you like. | मुझे नहीं पता, यह तुम्हारे ऊपर है, तुम अपनी पसंद का कुछ भी पका सकते हो। |
| But he can't walk on it. | लेकिन वो इसपर चल नहीं पा रहा। |
| Cate, my queue is going faster, you can come over here. | केट, मेरी लाइन तेज जा रही है, तुम यहाँ आ सकती हो। |
| I have finished my wine, we can leave any time you want. | मैंने अपनी वाइन खत्म कर ली है, तुम जब चाहो हम निकल सकते हैं। |
| Hm, I would like to see her, but I don't think we should disturb her. | हम्म, मैं उससे मिलना चाहता हूँ, लेकिन मुझे नहीं लगता कि हमें उसे परेशान करना चाहिए। |
