हिन्दी
In English we use should / shouldn't /ought to / oughtn't to give advice. We use should / ought to to say something is a good thing to do and shouldn't / oughtn't to say something is a bad thing to do.
Example sentences :
Note : To ask for advice we can say: What should I do?
In English, "can" is a modal verb and only has a present, past and conditional form. It can also be used with a future meaning.
Example sentences :
Note : Can is not used to talk about specific possibilities.
Example sentences :
In English, could is used to talk about past ability/ permission/ possibility.
Example sentences :
"Be able to" can be used in the present, past, future, present perfect and as a gerund or infinitive.
Example sentences :
Note : be able to in the present and past is more formal than can or could.
In English we use might or may to say something in the future is possible, but not decided.
Example sentences :
To make questions with might we usually use Do you think...?
Example questions :
In English we can also use might in short answers.
Example short answers :
In English we use have to + infinitive to say something is necessary or obligatory. We normally use have to for a general obligation from an outside source, such as work or the law.
Examples sentences :
In English we use don't have to + infinitive to say something is not necessary or obligatory. It means you can if you want to, but it's not necessary.
Example sentences :
To make questions we use do/does.
Example questions :
Form : ( Must + infinitive without to )
In English we use must + infinitive to talk about rules and obligations. We normally use must when the speaker imposes the obligation, such as a teacher to students, or even to yourself.
Form : ( Mustn't + infinitive without to )
In English we use mustn't + infinitive to say something is prohibited.
Example sentences :
Note : You can often use can't or be + not allowed to instead of mustn't.
Example sentences :
Note : Mustn't and don't have to have completely different meanings.
Mustn't Vs Don't Have To
Note : Have to is a normal verb and exists in all tenses whereas must is a modal verb and its only forms are must and mustn't.
You can also use have to and must for strong recommendations.
Example sentences :
In English we use must when we are sure something is true.
Example sentences :
In English we use may or might when we think something is possibly true.
Examples sentences :
In English we use can't when we are sure something is impossible.
Examples sentences :
Note : In this context, the opposite of must is can't, NOT mustn't!
In the past, can't, could, may, might and must for probability change to can't have, could have, may have, might have and must have + past participle (Verb 3).
In the past, should and ought to change to should have and ought to have + past participle (Verb 3).
Note : the form of "must" for obligation and "can" are exceptions.
Must for obligation changes to had to + infinitive
Can changes to could or was able to
| Modal example sentences | |
|---|---|
| Possibly, also the new environment might make him feel insecure. | हो सकता है, साथ ही नए माहौल से वो असुरक्षित महसूस कर सकता है। |
| But he can't walk on it. | लेकिन वो इसपर चल नहीं पा रहा। |
| It must be very difficult for your mum. | यह तुम्हारी माँ के लिए बहुत मुश्किल होगा। |
| I don't want to upset you, but I have to tell you something! | मैं तुम्हें नाराज़ नहीं करना चाहता, लेकिन मुझे तुमसे कुछ कहना है! |
| I'm very sorry! I couldn't let you know any earlier. | मैं बहुत शर्मिंदा हूँ! मैं आपको पहले नहीं बता पायी। |
| When can I pick up my money?! | मैं अपने पैसे कब ले सकता हूँ?! |
| Nope, that's fine... I guess I can do some window shopping... | नहीं, यह ठीक है... मुझे लगता है मैं थोड़ी विंडो शॉपिंग कर सकती हूँ... |
| We can get return tickets when we come back. | हम वापस आते समय वापसी की टिकट ले सकते हैं। |
| Then I can start peeling the potatoes. | इसके बाद मैं आलू छिल सकती हूँ। |
| It's a very long time, who could stand it? | यह बहुत लंबा समय है, इसे कौन सहन कर सकता है? |
| After I finish unpacking my suitcase, we can put them in there. | अपने सूटकेस से सामान बाहर निकालने के बाद, हम उन्हें उसमें रख सकते हैं। |
| No, you have to bring your own or buy new ones, dear. | नहीं, प्रिय, वे तुम्हें अपने लाने होंगे या नए खरीदने होंगे। |
| Maybe she could even put some poison in their food! | शायद वो उनके खाने में कुछ जहर भी डाल सकती है! |
| Okay, can you tell me what it is, then? | ठीक है फिर, क्या तुम मुझे बता सकते हो कि यह क्या है? |
| I can smell something nice. | कुछ अच्छी सुगंध आ रही है। |
| Can I get you some drinks to start with? | क्या मैं पहले आपके लिए कुछ पीने के लिए ला सकती हूँ? |
| You shouldn't smoke where we sleep. | तुम्हें उस जगह सिगरेट नहीं पीना चाहिए जहाँ हम सोते हैं। |
| I can tell their sex from their face. | मैं उनके चेहरे से उनका लिंग बता सकता हूँ। |
| We can continue talking about that on the train. | हम ट्रेन में इसके बारे में बात कर सकते हैं। |
| I see, but shouldn't they have given you at least a month's notice? | अच्छा, लेकिन क्या उन्हें तुम्हें कम से कम एक महीने का नोटिस नहीं देना चाहिए था? |
