हिन्दी
In English we use should / shouldn't /ought to / oughtn't to give advice. We use should / ought to to say something is a good thing to do and shouldn't / oughtn't to say something is a bad thing to do.
Example sentences :
Note : To ask for advice we can say: What should I do?
In English, "can" is a modal verb and only has a present, past and conditional form. It can also be used with a future meaning.
Example sentences :
Note : Can is not used to talk about specific possibilities.
Example sentences :
In English, could is used to talk about past ability/ permission/ possibility.
Example sentences :
"Be able to" can be used in the present, past, future, present perfect and as a gerund or infinitive.
Example sentences :
Note : be able to in the present and past is more formal than can or could.
In English we use might or may to say something in the future is possible, but not decided.
Example sentences :
To make questions with might we usually use Do you think...?
Example questions :
In English we can also use might in short answers.
Example short answers :
In English we use have to + infinitive to say something is necessary or obligatory. We normally use have to for a general obligation from an outside source, such as work or the law.
Examples sentences :
In English we use don't have to + infinitive to say something is not necessary or obligatory. It means you can if you want to, but it's not necessary.
Example sentences :
To make questions we use do/does.
Example questions :
Form : ( Must + infinitive without to )
In English we use must + infinitive to talk about rules and obligations. We normally use must when the speaker imposes the obligation, such as a teacher to students, or even to yourself.
Form : ( Mustn't + infinitive without to )
In English we use mustn't + infinitive to say something is prohibited.
Example sentences :
Note : You can often use can't or be + not allowed to instead of mustn't.
Example sentences :
Note : Mustn't and don't have to have completely different meanings.
Mustn't Vs Don't Have To
Note : Have to is a normal verb and exists in all tenses whereas must is a modal verb and its only forms are must and mustn't.
You can also use have to and must for strong recommendations.
Example sentences :
In English we use must when we are sure something is true.
Example sentences :
In English we use may or might when we think something is possibly true.
Examples sentences :
In English we use can't when we are sure something is impossible.
Examples sentences :
Note : In this context, the opposite of must is can't, NOT mustn't!
In the past, can't, could, may, might and must for probability change to can't have, could have, may have, might have and must have + past participle (Verb 3).
In the past, should and ought to change to should have and ought to have + past participle (Verb 3).
Note : the form of "must" for obligation and "can" are exceptions.
Must for obligation changes to had to + infinitive
Can changes to could or was able to
| Modal example sentences | |
|---|---|
| When can I pick up my money?! | मैं अपने पैसे कब ले सकता हूँ?! |
| I see, I can boil it first so you can use the water. | अच्छा, मैं पहले इसे उबाल सकता हूँ ताकि तुम इसका पानी प्रयोग कर सको। |
| So you can enjoy your meal till I come. | तो मेरे आने तक तुम अपने खाने का मज़ा ले सकती हो। |
| Hello, Camden-City Real Estate, how can I help you? | हैलो, कैमडेन-सिटी रियल एस्टेट, मैं आपकी कैसे मदद कर सकती हूँ? |
| Okay, I can make an appointment for you at 1 o'clock. | ठीक है, मैं आपके लिए 1 बजे का मुलाकात का समय तय कर सकती हूँ। |
| We can use the queue that goes faster. | हम उस लाइन का प्रयोग कर सकते हैं जो तेज जा रही है। |
| Can he walk properly now? | क्या अब वो सही से चल सकता है? |
| Maybe she could even put some poison in their food! | शायद वो उनके खाने में कुछ जहर भी डाल सकती है! |
| Can you please stop being stupid, dear? | क्या तुम कृपया बेवकूफ बनना बंद कर सकते हो, प्रिय? |
| I don't like bank holidays, we still have to work tomorrow! | मुझे बैंक की छुट्टियाँ पसंद नहीं हैं, हमें कल भी काम करना पड़ेगा! |
| I believe with four of us we can afford it easily. | मुझे लगता है हम चार लोगों के साथ हम आसानी से इसका बोझ उठा सकते हैं। |
| You know I work from home, so I can easily take care of them both. | मैं घर से काम करता हूँ इसलिए मैं आसानी से उन दोनों का ध्यान रख सकता हूँ। |
| Of course, but I can only peel the potatoes with a peeler. | हाँ जरुर, लेकिन मैं केवल छिलनी से ही आलू छिल सकती हूँ। |
| But I have to do it sometimes to visit my family. | लेकिन अपने परिवार से मिलने जाने के लिए मुझे कभी-कभी यह करना पड़ता है। |
| Yes, it should be hidden somewhere in the top drawer. | हाँ, यह ऊपर वाली दराज़ में कहीं छिपा होना चाहिए। |
| I can understand that. | मैं समझ सकता हूँ। |
| I can pay 700 or maximum 750 per month, only if I have to! | मैं हर महीने 700 दे सकती हूँ या अधिकतम 750, यदि बहुत जरुरी हुआ तो! |
| We can get the other things on the way back. | हम वापस जाते समय दूसरी चीजें ले सकते हैं। |
| Can't your housemates look after him? | क्या तुम्हारे साथ घर में रहने वाले लोग उसका ध्यान नहीं रख सकते हैं? |
| We can wander around till 7 or 8 and have some drinks, maybe. | हम 7 या 8 बजे तक इधर-उधर घूम सकते हैं और कुछ शायद कुछ ड्रिंक ले सकते हैं। |
