हिन्दी
In English we use should / shouldn't /ought to / oughtn't to give advice. We use should / ought to to say something is a good thing to do and shouldn't / oughtn't to say something is a bad thing to do.
Example sentences :
Note : To ask for advice we can say: What should I do?
In English, "can" is a modal verb and only has a present, past and conditional form. It can also be used with a future meaning.
Example sentences :
Note : Can is not used to talk about specific possibilities.
Example sentences :
In English, could is used to talk about past ability/ permission/ possibility.
Example sentences :
"Be able to" can be used in the present, past, future, present perfect and as a gerund or infinitive.
Example sentences :
Note : be able to in the present and past is more formal than can or could.
In English we use might or may to say something in the future is possible, but not decided.
Example sentences :
To make questions with might we usually use Do you think...?
Example questions :
In English we can also use might in short answers.
Example short answers :
In English we use have to + infinitive to say something is necessary or obligatory. We normally use have to for a general obligation from an outside source, such as work or the law.
Examples sentences :
In English we use don't have to + infinitive to say something is not necessary or obligatory. It means you can if you want to, but it's not necessary.
Example sentences :
To make questions we use do/does.
Example questions :
Form : ( Must + infinitive without to )
In English we use must + infinitive to talk about rules and obligations. We normally use must when the speaker imposes the obligation, such as a teacher to students, or even to yourself.
Form : ( Mustn't + infinitive without to )
In English we use mustn't + infinitive to say something is prohibited.
Example sentences :
Note : You can often use can't or be + not allowed to instead of mustn't.
Example sentences :
Note : Mustn't and don't have to have completely different meanings.
Mustn't Vs Don't Have To
Note : Have to is a normal verb and exists in all tenses whereas must is a modal verb and its only forms are must and mustn't.
You can also use have to and must for strong recommendations.
Example sentences :
In English we use must when we are sure something is true.
Example sentences :
In English we use may or might when we think something is possibly true.
Examples sentences :
In English we use can't when we are sure something is impossible.
Examples sentences :
Note : In this context, the opposite of must is can't, NOT mustn't!
In the past, can't, could, may, might and must for probability change to can't have, could have, may have, might have and must have + past participle (Verb 3).
In the past, should and ought to change to should have and ought to have + past participle (Verb 3).
Note : the form of "must" for obligation and "can" are exceptions.
Must for obligation changes to had to + infinitive
Can changes to could or was able to
| Modal example sentences | |
|---|---|
| Can you separate your clothes, then? | तो फिर, क्या तुम अपने कपड़े अलग कर सकते हो? |
| I'm so sorry, I couldn't leave school on time. | माफ करना, मैं समय पर स्कूल से नहीं निकल पायी। |
| I don't know, it's up to you, you can cook anything you like. | मुझे नहीं पता, यह तुम्हारे ऊपर है, तुम अपनी पसंद का कुछ भी पका सकते हो। |
| Yeah, so how can you set wood on fire? | हाँ, तो तुम लकड़ी में आग कैसे लगा सकती हो? |
| You know, the landlords should give you some kitchen utensils. | तुम्हें पता है ना कि मकान मालिकों को आपको कुछ रसोईघर के बर्तन देने चाहिए। |
| I think the chicken must be ready by now. | मुझे लगता है चिकन अब तक तैयार हो गया होगा। |
| Yes, normally, that's what they should do. | हाँ, आमतौर पर, उन्हें यही करना चाहिए। |
| Possibly, also the new environment might make him feel insecure. | हो सकता है, साथ ही नए माहौल से वो असुरक्षित महसूस कर सकता है। |
| Okay, but can we talk about when to meet first? | ठीक है, लेकिन क्या हम पहले यह बात कर सकते हैं कि कब मिलना है? |
| You shouldn't have woken her up in the morning! | तुम्हें उसे सुबह नहीं उठाना चाहिए था! |
| That's better, we can get some thighs. | वो बेहतर है, हम थोड़ा थाइ ले सकते हैं। |
| We can wander around till 7 or 8 and have some drinks, maybe. | हम 7 या 8 बजे तक इधर-उधर घूम सकते हैं और कुछ शायद कुछ ड्रिंक ले सकते हैं। |
| Also, it's Friday, we may not be able to get a table. | साथ ही, आज शुक्रवार है, शायद हमें टेबल ना मिल पाए। |
| Umm... I'm sorry, but I can't find a booking in that name. | उम्म... माफ़ करियेगा, लेकिन मुझे उस नाम से यहाँ कोई बुकिंग नहीं दिख रही। |
| I think we can let him explore the garden. | मुझे लगता है हम उसे बगीचे में घूमने के लिए छोड़ सकते हैं। |
| I see, but shouldn't they have given you at least a month's notice? | अच्छा, लेकिन क्या उन्हें तुम्हें कम से कम एक महीने का नोटिस नहीं देना चाहिए था? |
| It doesn't matter for me, you can get the one you like best. | मुझे इससे कोई फर्क नहीं पड़ता, तुम्हें जो सबसे अच्छा लगे ले सकती हो। |
| It must be very difficult for your mum. | यह तुम्हारी माँ के लिए बहुत मुश्किल होगा। |
| Have you watched A.I.? It's quite violent, too, you might like it. | क्या तुमने ए.आई. देखी है? यह भी काफी हिंसात्मक है, तुम्हें यह पसंद आ सकती है। |
| It's a very long time, who could stand it? | यह बहुत लंबा समय है, इसे कौन सहन कर सकता है? |
