In English we use should / shouldn't /ought to / oughtn't to give advice. We use should / ought to to say something is a good thing to do and shouldn't / oughtn't to say something is a bad thing to do.
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Note : To ask for advice we can say: What should I do?
In English, "can" is a modal verb and only has a present, past and conditional form. It can also be used with a future meaning.
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Note : Can is not used to talk about specific possibilities.
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In English, could is used to talk about past ability/ permission/ possibility.
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"Be able to" can be used in the present, past, future, present perfect and as a gerund or infinitive.
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Note : be able to in the present and past is more formal than can or could.
In English we use might or may to say something in the future is possible, but not decided.
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To make questions with might we usually use Do you think...?
Example questions :
In English we can also use might in short answers.
Example short answers :
In English we use have to + infinitive to say something is necessary or obligatory. We normally use have to for a general obligation from an outside source, such as work or the law.
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In English we use don't have to + infinitive to say something is not necessary or obligatory. It means you can if you want to, but it's not necessary.
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To make questions we use do/does.
Example questions :
Form : ( Must + infinitive without to )
In English we use must + infinitive to talk about rules and obligations. We normally use must when the speaker imposes the obligation, such as a teacher to students, or even to yourself.
Form : ( Mustn't + infinitive without to )
In English we use mustn't + infinitive to say something is prohibited.
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Note : You can often use can't or be + not allowed to instead of mustn't.
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Note : Mustn't and don't have to have completely different meanings.
Mustn't Vs Don't Have To
Note : Have to is a normal verb and exists in all tenses whereas must is a modal verb and its only forms are must and mustn't.
You can also use have to and must for strong recommendations.
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In English we use must when we are sure something is true.
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In English we use may or might when we think something is possibly true.
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In English we use can't when we are sure something is impossible.
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Note : In this context, the opposite of must is can't, NOT mustn't!
In the past, can't, could, may, might and must for probability change to can't have, could have, may have, might have and must have + past participle (Verb 3).
In the past, should and ought to change to should have and ought to have + past participle (Verb 3).
Note : the form of "must" for obligation and "can" are exceptions.
Must for obligation changes to had to + infinitive
Can changes to could or was able to
Modal example sentences | |
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The train leaves in a few minutes, we should get on soon. | .سيغادر القطار فى خلال دقائق، يجب ان نصعد فى أقرب وقت |
I thought we could keep the spare room as a study for you. | .أعتقدت أنه يمكننا الإحتفاظ بغرفة فارغة لتكون مكتب لك |
Umm, yeah, I think we should consider living in Angel, too. | .امم، أجل، أعتقد أنه يمكننا التفكير بالعيش في أنغيل، كذلك |
I see, but shouldn't they have given you at least a month's notice? | أتفهم ذلك، لكن أولم يكن من الواجب عليهم أن يخبروكي قبل ذلك بشهر على الأقل؟ |
I'm sorry guys, I must have miscalculated the percentages! | !متأسف يارفاق، يجب وأنني قط أخطأت بحساب النسب |
I believe with four of us we can afford it easily. | .أعتقد أنه بأربعة منا يمكننا تحمله بكل سهولة |
I'm not sure, I have to check my calendar first! | !لست متأكدَا، يجب ان أتفقد جدولي أولًا |
Yeah, maybe next time you can put that as a note on the ad. | .أجل، ربما في المرة القادمة يمكنك وضع هذا كملاحظة على الإعلان |
I can pay 700 or maximum 750 per month, only if I have to! | !يمكنني دفع 700 أو 750 بحد أقصى شهريًا، فقط إن إضطررت لفعل ذلك |
I see, I can boil it first so you can use the water. | .أرى ذلك، يمكننى أن اسلقها أولاً حتى تتمكنى من إستخدام الماء |
I can hear well, you don't have to shout at me, dear. | .يمكنني سماعك بشكل جيد، لا تحتاج أن تصيح، ياعزيزي |
Really? The walls are in very bad condition, they have to be re-painted... | ...حقًا؟ الحوائط في حالة سيئة للغاية، تحتاج إلى إعادة طلائها |
When can I pick up my money?! | !متى يمكننى الحصول على أموالى؟ |
Okay, can you boil some water in the kettle, then? | حسناً، هل يمكنكِ غلى الماء فى غلاية المياه إذاً؟ |
I have to go home and check on Pogo first. | .يجب ان أذهب الى المنزل لتفقد بوجو أولاً |
I use gumtree.com, are there any others you can recommend? | هل هناك مواقع أخرى يمكنك التوصية بها؟ ،gumtree.com استخدم |
I can feel Pogo's heart beating like a maniac. | .يمكننى الشعور بدقات قلب بوجو كشخص مجنون |
Can you separate your clothes, then? | هل يمكنك فصل ملابسك، إذاً؟ |
I already couldn't sleep at all last night! | !انا بالفعل لم استطيع النوم طوال الليلة الماضية |
Of course, you can have whatever you want. | .بالطبع يمكنك الحصول على ما تريد |