In English we use should / shouldn't /ought to / oughtn't to give advice. We use should / ought to to say something is a good thing to do and shouldn't / oughtn't to say something is a bad thing to do.
Example sentences :
Note : To ask for advice we can say: What should I do?
In English, "can" is a modal verb and only has a present, past and conditional form. It can also be used with a future meaning.
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Note : Can is not used to talk about specific possibilities.
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In English, could is used to talk about past ability/ permission/ possibility.
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"Be able to" can be used in the present, past, future, present perfect and as a gerund or infinitive.
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Note : be able to in the present and past is more formal than can or could.
In English we use might or may to say something in the future is possible, but not decided.
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To make questions with might we usually use Do you think...?
Example questions :
In English we can also use might in short answers.
Example short answers :
In English we use have to + infinitive to say something is necessary or obligatory. We normally use have to for a general obligation from an outside source, such as work or the law.
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In English we use don't have to + infinitive to say something is not necessary or obligatory. It means you can if you want to, but it's not necessary.
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To make questions we use do/does.
Example questions :
Form : ( Must + infinitive without to )
In English we use must + infinitive to talk about rules and obligations. We normally use must when the speaker imposes the obligation, such as a teacher to students, or even to yourself.
Form : ( Mustn't + infinitive without to )
In English we use mustn't + infinitive to say something is prohibited.
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Note : You can often use can't or be + not allowed to instead of mustn't.
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Note : Mustn't and don't have to have completely different meanings.
Mustn't Vs Don't Have To
Note : Have to is a normal verb and exists in all tenses whereas must is a modal verb and its only forms are must and mustn't.
You can also use have to and must for strong recommendations.
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In English we use must when we are sure something is true.
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In English we use may or might when we think something is possibly true.
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In English we use can't when we are sure something is impossible.
Examples sentences :
Note : In this context, the opposite of must is can't, NOT mustn't!
In the past, can't, could, may, might and must for probability change to can't have, could have, may have, might have and must have + past participle (Verb 3).
In the past, should and ought to change to should have and ought to have + past participle (Verb 3).
Note : the form of "must" for obligation and "can" are exceptions.
Must for obligation changes to had to + infinitive
Can changes to could or was able to
Modal example sentences | |
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I'm not sure, I have to check my calendar first! | !لست متأكدَا، يجب ان أتفقد جدولي أولًا |
But I have to do it sometimes to visit my family. | .لكن أضطر الى فعل ذلك فى بعض الأحيان لزيارة عائلتى |
Yes, it should be hidden somewhere in the top drawer. | .أجل، يجب ان تكون مختفية فى مكان ما فى الدرج العلوى |
I can't promise, but we can try, at least. | .لا يمكنني أن أعدك، لكن يمكننا المحاولة، على الأقل |
We can use the queue that goes faster. | .يمكننا أستخدام الصف الذى يسير بشكل أسرع |
Oh yes, I can see it now. | .اوه، أجل يمكننى رؤية ذلك الان |
Of course, you can have whatever you want. | .بالطبع يمكنك الحصول على ما تريد |
I can smell something nice. | .يمكننى شم رائحة شىء جيد |
By just paying a little bit more you could've rented a house in better condition. | .عن طريق دفع القليل من المزيد كان يمكنك تأجير منزل بحالة أفضل |
You know, the landlords should give you some kitchen utensils. | .أنت تعلمين، يجب على أصحاب المنزل ان يعطوكِ بعض أدوات المطبخ |
That's better, we can get some thighs. | .هذا أفضل، يمكننا إحضار بعض الأوراك |
He can get some bread on his way back. | .يمكنه إحضار بعض الخبز و هو فى طريقه للعودة |
I don't think you can use any other rice for risotto. | .لا أعتقد انه يمكنك إستخدام أرز أخر للروزيتو |
Okay, I can make an appointment for you at 1 o'clock. | .حسنًا، يمكنني تحديد مقابلة لكِ في تمام الساعة الواحدة |
Okay, can you make the appointments before 2? | حسنًا، هل يمكنك جعل المقابلات قبل 2؟ |
Sorry... Beary! Come here, my boy, seems we have to wait a while. | .اسف.. بيرى! تعال هنا يا ولد، يبدو ان سيجب علينا الإنتظار قليلاً |
We can wander around till 7 or 8 and have some drinks, maybe. | .يمكننا التجول في الأرجاء حتى السابعة أو الثامنة ونتناول بعض المشروبات، ربما |
I thought I could look for more houses before my second appointment. | .إعتقدت أنه بإمكاني البحث عن المزيد من المنازل قبل الموعد الثاني |
Maybe you can teach me how to make phone calls. | .ربما يمكنك تعليمي كيف أقوم بعمل المكالمات الهاتفية |
Yes there were, but they must have been taken 50 years ago! | !أجل لقد كان، لكن يجب أن تلك الصور قد اخذت منذ 50 عامًا |