In English we use should / shouldn't /ought to / oughtn't to give advice. We use should / ought to to say something is a good thing to do and shouldn't / oughtn't to say something is a bad thing to do.
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Note : To ask for advice we can say: What should I do?
In English, "can" is a modal verb and only has a present, past and conditional form. It can also be used with a future meaning.
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Note : Can is not used to talk about specific possibilities.
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In English, could is used to talk about past ability/ permission/ possibility.
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"Be able to" can be used in the present, past, future, present perfect and as a gerund or infinitive.
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Note : be able to in the present and past is more formal than can or could.
In English we use might or may to say something in the future is possible, but not decided.
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To make questions with might we usually use Do you think...?
Example questions :
In English we can also use might in short answers.
Example short answers :
In English we use have to + infinitive to say something is necessary or obligatory. We normally use have to for a general obligation from an outside source, such as work or the law.
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In English we use don't have to + infinitive to say something is not necessary or obligatory. It means you can if you want to, but it's not necessary.
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To make questions we use do/does.
Example questions :
Form : ( Must + infinitive without to )
In English we use must + infinitive to talk about rules and obligations. We normally use must when the speaker imposes the obligation, such as a teacher to students, or even to yourself.
Form : ( Mustn't + infinitive without to )
In English we use mustn't + infinitive to say something is prohibited.
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Note : You can often use can't or be + not allowed to instead of mustn't.
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Note : Mustn't and don't have to have completely different meanings.
Mustn't Vs Don't Have To
Note : Have to is a normal verb and exists in all tenses whereas must is a modal verb and its only forms are must and mustn't.
You can also use have to and must for strong recommendations.
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In English we use must when we are sure something is true.
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In English we use may or might when we think something is possibly true.
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In English we use can't when we are sure something is impossible.
Examples sentences :
Note : In this context, the opposite of must is can't, NOT mustn't!
In the past, can't, could, may, might and must for probability change to can't have, could have, may have, might have and must have + past participle (Verb 3).
In the past, should and ought to change to should have and ought to have + past participle (Verb 3).
Note : the form of "must" for obligation and "can" are exceptions.
Must for obligation changes to had to + infinitive
Can changes to could or was able to
Modal example sentences | |
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I thought you might not like strong coffees. | .إعتقدت انك قد لا تحب القهوة القوية |
Too bad, they must have understood you are a liar, then. | .هذا سيء للغاية، يجب أنهم قد فهموا أنكِ كاذبة، إذًا |
You know what, I can't see any cutlery in the drawer! | !اتعلم، انا لا أجد اى من أدوات المائدة فى الدرج |
I don't want to upset you, but I have to tell you something! | !لا أريد ان أزعجك، ولكن يجب ان أخبركِ بشيء |
The train leaves in a few minutes, we should get on soon. | .سيغادر القطار فى خلال دقائق، يجب ان نصعد فى أقرب وقت |
Impossible dear, you can smoke in the kitchen or the garden! | !مستحيل عزيزي، يمكنك التدخين في المطبخ أو الحديقة |
Nope, that's fine... I guess I can do some window shopping... | ...لا، هذا جيد...أعتقد أنه يمكنني مشاهدة بعض المحال التجارية |
I'm just concerned about whether we can afford to rent a house! | !انا فقط قلق حول إن ماكان سيمكننا تحمل إيجار منزلًا |
I already couldn't sleep at all last night! | !انا بالفعل لم استطيع النوم طوال الليلة الماضية |
You are going to ask me if I can take Bear out. | .انت ستسأل اذا ما كان سيمكننى أخذ بير للخارج |
I have to be back at school by 12:30. | يجب أن أعود الى المدرسة بحلول الساعة 12:30 |
Hmm, well, I guess I have to think about it. | .مممم, حسناً, أعتقد أننى سأفكر فى هذا الأمر |
I see, but shouldn't they have given you at least a month's notice? | أتفهم ذلك، لكن أولم يكن من الواجب عليهم أن يخبروكي قبل ذلك بشهر على الأقل؟ |
We could use theirs for once. | .يمكننا استخدام أشيائهم لمرة واحدة |
Umm... I'm sorry, but I can't find a booking in that name. | .امم...أسفة، لكن لا يمكنني أن أجد حجزًا بهذا الاسم |
Another big problem is, I can't take Pogo with me. | .مشكلة أخرى هى، أننى لا أستطيع أن أخذ بوجو معى |
Can I get you some drinks to start with? | هل يمكننى أن أحضر لكما بعض المشروبات لتبدأوا بها؟ |
You could have brought the book directly! | !كان يمكنك إحضار الكتاب بشكل مباشر |
Can't you have the meeting another time? | الا يمكنك ان تحدد إجتماع فى وقت أخر؟ |
Can you come for a second? You can talk to him later! | !هل يمكنك أن تأتي لثانية؟ يمكنك التحدث معه لاحقًا |