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In English we use should / shouldn't /ought to / oughtn't to give advice. We use should / ought to to say something is a good thing to do and shouldn't / oughtn't to say something is a bad thing to do.
Example sentences :
Note : To ask for advice we can say: What should I do?
In English, "can" is a modal verb and only has a present, past and conditional form. It can also be used with a future meaning.
Example sentences :
Note : Can is not used to talk about specific possibilities.
Example sentences :
In English, could is used to talk about past ability/ permission/ possibility.
Example sentences :
"Be able to" can be used in the present, past, future, present perfect and as a gerund or infinitive.
Example sentences :
Note : be able to in the present and past is more formal than can or could.
In English we use might or may to say something in the future is possible, but not decided.
Example sentences :
To make questions with might we usually use Do you think...?
Example questions :
In English we can also use might in short answers.
Example short answers :
In English we use have to + infinitive to say something is necessary or obligatory. We normally use have to for a general obligation from an outside source, such as work or the law.
Examples sentences :
In English we use don't have to + infinitive to say something is not necessary or obligatory. It means you can if you want to, but it's not necessary.
Example sentences :
To make questions we use do/does.
Example questions :
Form : ( Must + infinitive without to )
In English we use must + infinitive to talk about rules and obligations. We normally use must when the speaker imposes the obligation, such as a teacher to students, or even to yourself.
Form : ( Mustn't + infinitive without to )
In English we use mustn't + infinitive to say something is prohibited.
Example sentences :
Note : You can often use can't or be + not allowed to instead of mustn't.
Example sentences :
Note : Mustn't and don't have to have completely different meanings.
Mustn't Vs Don't Have To
Note : Have to is a normal verb and exists in all tenses whereas must is a modal verb and its only forms are must and mustn't.
You can also use have to and must for strong recommendations.
Example sentences :
In English we use must when we are sure something is true.
Example sentences :
In English we use may or might when we think something is possibly true.
Examples sentences :
In English we use can't when we are sure something is impossible.
Examples sentences :
Note : In this context, the opposite of must is can't, NOT mustn't!
In the past, can't, could, may, might and must for probability change to can't have, could have, may have, might have and must have + past participle (Verb 3).
In the past, should and ought to change to should have and ought to have + past participle (Verb 3).
Note : the form of "must" for obligation and "can" are exceptions.
Must for obligation changes to had to + infinitive
Can changes to could or was able to
| Modal example sentences | |
|---|---|
| Why do you have to finish everything today? | 왜 전부 오늘 끝내야 되는데? |
| Check the cupboard just in front of you, it should be there. | 바로 앞에 찬장을 열어봐. 거기에 있을거야. |
| No, all the cutlery should be in the top drawer! | 아니, 수저류는 전부 서랍 첫 칸에 있을 텐데! |
| Can you make 4 serves so we can give some to Bear, too? | 4인분 만들어서 베어한테도 좀 나눠줘도 돼? |
| You can sit on the sofa and hold him on your lap. | 네가 소파에 앉고, 무릎 위에 잡고 있어봐. |
| I'm not homophobic, but still you should've told me that before. | 호모포비아는 아니지만 그래도 말해줬어야지. |
| Could it be anywhere else? | 다른 데 어딘가 있어? |
| I think we should move from that house as soon as we can! | 그 집에서 최대한 빨리 나가야 한다고 생각해! |
| That movie might even be older than me! | 그 영화는 나보다도 나이가 많을 지 모르겠는걸! |
| No way, what else can I have instead of chips? | 말도 안돼, 그럼 감자튀김 대신 뭘 먹어? |
| Great! Can I have your number, then? | 좋아! 그럼 네 전화번호를 물어봐도 돼? |
| We can continue talking about that on the train. | 기차 타서 더 얘기하자. |
| It doesn't matter for me, you can get the one you like best. | 나는 상관 없어, 네가 제일 좋아하는 걸 사면 돼. |
| Hmm, well, I guess I have to think about it. | 음, 글쎄, 생각을 좀 해봐야겠는데. |
| I don't know, she could do anything! | 모르지, 뭐라도 할 수 있을 거 아냐! |
| Cate, my queue is going faster, you can come over here. | 케이트, 내 줄이 더 빨리 줄고 있어. 이리로 와. |
| Another big problem is, I can't take Pogo with me. | 또 다른 큰 문제는, 포고를 데리고 갈 수가 없어. |
| Umm, it must be that one with the white fence. | 음, 저기 하얀 울타리 있는 집일 거야. |
| We can ask the shop assistant first. | 가게 종업원한테 먼저 물어봐 보자. |
| I said it was a mistake, I was terribly sorry, what else could I say? | 실수했다고, 너무 너무 죄송하다고 그랬지, 달리 무슨 말을 할 수 있었겠어? |
