In English we use defining relative clauses to give important information about a person, place or thing.
We use :
"who" or "that" for people
"which" or "that" for things
"where" for places where an activity takes place
"whose" for possessives
"when" for times
Note : We don't use "what" in relative clauses!
eg. These are the jeans that I want to buy. NOT These are the jeans what I want to buy.
In defining relative clauses, we can leave out "who", "that" or "which" when these words aren't the subject of the defining relative clause.
We never leave out "whose'" in defining relative clauses. We can leave out "where" if we add a preposition at the end of the relative clause.
We can leave out "when" if the time reference is clear.
Note : We don't use commas with defining relative clauses.
Defining relative clause example sentences | |
---|---|
I don't know, maybe I like seeing the canals going around the buildings. | .لا أعلم، ربما أحب رؤية القنوات وهي محيطة بالمباني |
You could have asked if she knew the girl you were going to meet. | .كان يمكنك أن تسأليها إذا ماكانت تعرف الفتاة التي كنتِ بصدد مقابلتها |
Yes, of course, he is the nicest man I've ever known! | !نعم، بالطبع، هو ألطف شخص عرفته على الإطلاق |
Where I'm supposed to be having the meeting. | .حيث من المفترض ان يكون الإجتماع |
Do you remember the French restaurant we went to before? | هل تتذكري المطعم الفرنسي الذي ذهبنا إليه من قبل؟ |
Do you remember those girls we met last week? | هل تتذكرتلك الفتيات اللاتى إلتقينا بهن الأسبوع الماضى؟ |
There is an old guy on the phone who can't hear anything I say... | ...هناك رجل عجوز على الهاتف لا يسمع أي شيء أقوله |
You know the people who take tourists sightseeing on bicycles? | هل تعلمين الناس الذين يأخذون السياح لرؤية المعالم السياحية على الدراجات؟ |
You're the one who's been living here longer than me. | .انت واحدة ممن يعيشون هنا لمدة أطول منى |
Is there any news from the houses you went to see today? | هل هناك أي أخبار من المنازل التي ذهبتِ لترينها اليوم؟ |
What about the houses you found? | ماذا عن البيوت التي وجدتها؟ |
It's nice to have a landlord who fixes things before we know about them! | !من اللطيف ان يكون لديك مالك عقار يقوم بإصلاح الأشياء قبل أن نعرف عنها |
And you could be the first man I've known who doesn't snore. | .وانت قد تكون الرجل الأول على الإطلاق الذي عرفته ولا يقوم بالشخير |
And I tried to find the rice I was talking about. | .و حاولت ان أجد الأرز الذى كنت أتحدث عنه |
Yes, because it's the only French restaurant we have been to. | .أجل، لأنه كان المطعم الفرنسي الوحيد الذي ذهبنا إليه |
What's the reason you don't want to leave the house? | ماهو سبب عدم إرادتك لمغادة المنزل؟ |
They are the kind of people who like to party... | ...هم من نوع الناس الذين يحبون الإحتفال |
The one you told me shouted at you before... | ...التي أخبرتيني أنها قامت بالصراخ في وجهك من قبل |