عربي
In English we use should / shouldn't /ought to / oughtn't to give advice. We use should / ought to to say something is a good thing to do and shouldn't / oughtn't to say something is a bad thing to do.
Example sentences :
Note : To ask for advice we can say: What should I do?
In English, "can" is a modal verb and only has a present, past and conditional form. It can also be used with a future meaning.
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Note : Can is not used to talk about specific possibilities.
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In English, could is used to talk about past ability/ permission/ possibility.
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"Be able to" can be used in the present, past, future, present perfect and as a gerund or infinitive.
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Note : be able to in the present and past is more formal than can or could.
In English we use might or may to say something in the future is possible, but not decided.
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To make questions with might we usually use Do you think...?
Example questions :
In English we can also use might in short answers.
Example short answers :
In English we use have to + infinitive to say something is necessary or obligatory. We normally use have to for a general obligation from an outside source, such as work or the law.
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In English we use don't have to + infinitive to say something is not necessary or obligatory. It means you can if you want to, but it's not necessary.
Example sentences :
To make questions we use do/does.
Example questions :
Form : ( Must + infinitive without to )
In English we use must + infinitive to talk about rules and obligations. We normally use must when the speaker imposes the obligation, such as a teacher to students, or even to yourself.
Form : ( Mustn't + infinitive without to )
In English we use mustn't + infinitive to say something is prohibited.
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Note : You can often use can't or be + not allowed to instead of mustn't.
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Note : Mustn't and don't have to have completely different meanings.
Mustn't Vs Don't Have To
Note : Have to is a normal verb and exists in all tenses whereas must is a modal verb and its only forms are must and mustn't.
You can also use have to and must for strong recommendations.
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In English we use must when we are sure something is true.
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In English we use may or might when we think something is possibly true.
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In English we use can't when we are sure something is impossible.
Examples sentences :
Note : In this context, the opposite of must is can't, NOT mustn't!
In the past, can't, could, may, might and must for probability change to can't have, could have, may have, might have and must have + past participle (Verb 3).
In the past, should and ought to change to should have and ought to have + past participle (Verb 3).
Note : the form of "must" for obligation and "can" are exceptions.
Must for obligation changes to had to + infinitive
Can changes to could or was able to
| Modal example sentences | |
|---|---|
| Hello, Camden-City Real Estate, how can I help you? | مرحبًا، كادمين سيتي للخدمات العقارية، كيف يمكنني مساعدتك؟ |
| Can you please stop being stupid, dear? | من فضلك هل يمكنك التوقف عن كونك غبيًا، ياعزيزي؟ |
| Maybe we can just borrow two slices of bread, then. | .ربما يمكننا استعارة شريحتين من الخبز اذاً |
| By just paying a little bit more you could've rented a house in better condition. | .عن طريق دفع القليل من المزيد كان يمكنك تأجير منزل بحالة أفضل |
| You know what, I can't see any cutlery in the drawer! | !اتعلم، انا لا أجد اى من أدوات المائدة فى الدرج |
| It may help prevent wasting time for both sides. | .قد يساعد هذا على عدم تضييع وقت الطرفين |
| You shouldn't smoke where we sleep. | .لا يجب أن تدخن في المكان الذي ننام فيه |
| I have finished my wine, we can leave any time you want. | .لقد انتهيت من النبيذ، يمكننا المغادرة فى اى وقت تريده |
| That's nice, can we add some beer to it for me, also? | هذا لطيف، هل يمكننا إضافة بعض البيرة من أجلى أيضاً؟ |
| Umm, we can raise it just a little bit, like 50%. | امم، يمكننا رفع المبلغ قليلا، مثل %50 |
| Too bad, they must have understood you are a liar, then. | .هذا سيء للغاية، يجب أنهم قد فهموا أنكِ كاذبة، إذًا |
| Hmm, well, I guess I have to think about it. | .مممم, حسناً, أعتقد أننى سأفكر فى هذا الأمر |
| We can wander around till 7 or 8 and have some drinks, maybe. | .يمكننا التجول في الأرجاء حتى السابعة أو الثامنة ونتناول بعض المشروبات، ربما |
| I can hear well, you don't have to shout at me, dear. | .يمكنني سماعك بشكل جيد، لا تحتاج أن تصيح، ياعزيزي |
| I think we should move from that house as soon as we can! | !أعتقد أنه يجب علينا الإنتقال من هذا المنزل في أقرب وقت ممكن |
| That movie might even be older than me! | !هذا الفيلم ربما يكون أقدم مني |
| But I have to do it sometimes to visit my family. | .لكن أضطر الى فعل ذلك فى بعض الأحيان لزيارة عائلتى |
| Yes, normally, that's what they should do. | .أجل، هذا هو الطبيعي، هذا مايتوجب عليهم فعله |
| Mike, you are cutting out, I can't hear you! | !مايك الخط يقطع، انا لا أستطيع سماعك |
| Another big problem is, I can't take Pogo with me. | .مشكلة أخرى هى، أننى لا أستطيع أن أخذ بوجو معى |
