हिन्दी
In English we use should / shouldn't /ought to / oughtn't to give advice. We use should / ought to to say something is a good thing to do and shouldn't / oughtn't to say something is a bad thing to do.
Example sentences :
Note : To ask for advice we can say: What should I do?
In English, "can" is a modal verb and only has a present, past and conditional form. It can also be used with a future meaning.
Example sentences :
Note : Can is not used to talk about specific possibilities.
Example sentences :
In English, could is used to talk about past ability/ permission/ possibility.
Example sentences :
"Be able to" can be used in the present, past, future, present perfect and as a gerund or infinitive.
Example sentences :
Note : be able to in the present and past is more formal than can or could.
In English we use might or may to say something in the future is possible, but not decided.
Example sentences :
To make questions with might we usually use Do you think...?
Example questions :
In English we can also use might in short answers.
Example short answers :
In English we use have to + infinitive to say something is necessary or obligatory. We normally use have to for a general obligation from an outside source, such as work or the law.
Examples sentences :
In English we use don't have to + infinitive to say something is not necessary or obligatory. It means you can if you want to, but it's not necessary.
Example sentences :
To make questions we use do/does.
Example questions :
Form : ( Must + infinitive without to )
In English we use must + infinitive to talk about rules and obligations. We normally use must when the speaker imposes the obligation, such as a teacher to students, or even to yourself.
Form : ( Mustn't + infinitive without to )
In English we use mustn't + infinitive to say something is prohibited.
Example sentences :
Note : You can often use can't or be + not allowed to instead of mustn't.
Example sentences :
Note : Mustn't and don't have to have completely different meanings.
Mustn't Vs Don't Have To
Note : Have to is a normal verb and exists in all tenses whereas must is a modal verb and its only forms are must and mustn't.
You can also use have to and must for strong recommendations.
Example sentences :
In English we use must when we are sure something is true.
Example sentences :
In English we use may or might when we think something is possibly true.
Examples sentences :
In English we use can't when we are sure something is impossible.
Examples sentences :
Note : In this context, the opposite of must is can't, NOT mustn't!
In the past, can't, could, may, might and must for probability change to can't have, could have, may have, might have and must have + past participle (Verb 3).
In the past, should and ought to change to should have and ought to have + past participle (Verb 3).
Note : the form of "must" for obligation and "can" are exceptions.
Must for obligation changes to had to + infinitive
Can changes to could or was able to
| Modal example sentences | |
|---|---|
| As you might know, you should always keep an eye on your stuff at pubs. | जैसा कि आपको पता होगा, पब में आपको अपनी चीजों का हमेशा ध्यान रखना चाहिए। |
| I'm just concerned about whether we can afford to rent a house! | मैं बस इस बारे में चिंतित हूँ कि हम घर किराये पर लेने का बोझ उठा सकते हैं या नहीं! |
| She could leave the front door open and let them out! | वो आगे का दरवाज़ा खुला छोड़कर उन्हें बाहर जाने दे सकती है! |
| Mike, you are cutting out, I can't hear you! | माइक आपकी आवाज़ कट रही है, मैं आपको नहीं सुन पा रही हूँ! |
| I believe with four of us we can afford it easily. | मुझे लगता है हम चार लोगों के साथ हम आसानी से इसका बोझ उठा सकते हैं। |
| I can't promise, but we can try, at least. | मैं वादा नहीं कर सकता, लेकिन, कम से कम हम कोशिश कर सकते हैं। |
| I thought you might not like strong coffees. | मैंने सोचा तुम्हें तेज कॉफ़ी पसंद नहीं होगी। |
| I think we should move from that house as soon as we can! | मुझे लगता है जितनी जल्दी हो सके हमें उस घर से निकल जाना चाहिए! |
| We can get return tickets when we come back. | हम वापस आते समय वापसी की टिकट ले सकते हैं। |
| You could have brought the book directly! | तुम सीधे किताब ला सकती थी! |
| Mike, can you hear me? | माइक, क्या आप मुझे सुन सकते हैं? |
| Sorry Mike, I can't hear you, I have to hang up. | माफ करना माइक, मैं आपको नहीं सुन पा रही हूँ, मुझे रखना होगा। |
| Umm, yeah, I think we should consider living in Angel, too. | उम्म, हाँ, मुझे लगता है, हमें एंजेल में भी रहने के बारे में विचार करना चाहिए। |
| Can you separate your clothes, then? | तो फिर, क्या तुम अपने कपड़े अलग कर सकते हो? |
| Umm, I guess it must be in zone-2... | उम्म, मुझे लगता है यह ज़ोन-2 में होगा... |
| Really? The walls are in very bad condition, they have to be re-painted... | सच में? दीवारें बहुत बुरी हालत में हैं, उन्हें दोबारा रंगवाना पड़ेगा... |
| Yes, sorry, I have to run! | जी हाँ, माफ करना, लेकिन मुझे जाना होगा! |
| Alright... Ah! I can see it now! | ठीक है... आह! अब मैं इसे देख सकती हूँ! |
| Too bad, they must have understood you are a liar, then. | बहुत बुरा हुआ, तो फिर, उन्हें समझ आ गया होगा कि तुम झूठी हो। |
| It's already scary dear, you don't have to make it scarier! | यह पहले से डरावना है प्रिय, तुम्हें इसे और डरावना बनाने की जरुरत नहीं है! |
